Abstract
‘Depression: A Global Crisis’, published by the World Health Organization in 2012, provides alarming figures about the prevalence of depression at present and in the future. This chapter discusses similar impressive results provided by successive studies, which also confirm the substantial contribution of depression to the global burden of disease . In these studies depression is diagnosed following the criteria for major depressive disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association . At the same time, authoritative researchers have repeatedly stressed that, when facing adverse life conditions a psychological response of sadness is normal, and its absence would be pathological. The current diagnostic criteria do not discriminate between normal and pathological states, and this leads to the unreal apparent epidemic of depression
Modern medicine is a negation of health. It isn’t organised to serve human health, but only itself, as an institution. It makes more people sick than it heals.
Ivan Illich
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Berger, D. (1999). A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory. Part 1–Ancient times through the 19th century. MLO: Medical Laboratory Observer, 31, 28–30.
Bhugra, D., & Mastrogianni, A. (2003). Globalisation and mental disorders: Overview with relation to depression. British Journal Psychiatry, 184(1), 10–20.
Bynum, W., & Bynum, H. (2011). Great discoveries in medicine. London: Thames and Hudson.
Culberston, F. M. (1997). Depression and gender. An international review. American Psychologist, 52(1), 25–31.
Ferrari, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Patten, S. B., Freedman, G., Murray, C. J., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013). Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: Findings from the “global burden of disease study” 2010. PLoS Medicine, 10(11), e1001547.
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.
Haran, C., van Driel, M., Mitchell, B. L., & Brodribb, W. E. (2014). Clinical guidelines for postpartum women and infants in primary care–a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14, 51–60.
Horwitz, A. V., Wakefield, J. C., & Spitzer, R. L. (2007). The loss of sadness: How psychiatry transformed normal sorrow into depressive disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ICD-10. (2010). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. World Health Organization. Retrieved April 15, 2015, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf.
Jablensky, A. (2007). Living in a Kraepelinian world: Kraepelin’s impact on modern psychiatry. History of Psychiatry, 18(3), 381–387.
Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013). The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annual Review of Public Health, 34, 119–138.
Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen H. U., & Kendler K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results From the National Comorbidity Survey, in Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8–19.
Kravitz, R. L., Epstein, R. M., Feldman, M. P., Franz, C. E., Azari, R., Wilkes, M. S., Hinton, L., & Franks, P. (2005). Influence of patients’ requests for direct-to-consumer advertised antidepressants. A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of American Medical Association, 293(16), 1995–2002.
Krishnan, V., & Nestler, E. J. (2008). The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature, 455(7215), 894–902.
Maj, M. (2008). Depression, bereavement, and “understandable” intense sadness: Should the DSM-IV approach be revised? American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(11), 1373–1375.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2013). Depression in children and young people. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs48. Accessed 12 April 2015.
Pilgrim, D. (2007). The survival of psychiatric diagnosis. Social Science and Medicine, 65(3), 536–547.
Porter, R. (2002). Blood and guts: A short history of medicine. London: Allen Lane.
Rose, S., & Rose, H. (2012). Gene, cells and brains: Bioscience’s promethean promises of the new biology. London: Verso.
Shorter, E. (2013). Psychiatry and fads: Why is this field different from all other fields? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(10), 555–559.
Stewart, D. E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S. L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Toronto public health, university health network women’s health program. http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/lit_review_postpartum_depression.pdf. Accessed March 20 2015.
Studdert, M., Mello, M. M., Sage, W. M., DesRoches, C. M., Peugh, J., Zapert, K., & Brennan, T. A. (2005). Defensive medicine among high-risk specialist physicians in a volatile malpractice enviroment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(21), 2609–2617.
Summerton, N. (1995). Positive and negative factors in defensive medicine: A questionnaire study of general practitioners. British Medical Journal, 310(6971), 27–29.
Welch, H. G., Schwartz, L., & Woloshin, S. (2012). Overdiagnosed: Making people sick in the pursuit of health. Boston: Beacon Press.
Whitaker, R. (2005). Anatomy of an epidemic: Psychiatric drugs and the astonishing rise of mental illness in America. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(1), 23–35.
Whitaker, R. (2010). Anatomy of an epidemic: Psychiatric drugs and the astonishing rise of mental illness in America. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
WHO. (2012). Depression: A global crisis world mental health day, October 10 2012. http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/wfmh_paper_depression_wmhd_2012.pdf Accessed March 20 2015.
Wittchen, H. U., Jacobi, F., Rehm, J., Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jönsson, B., Olesen, J., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Faravelli, C., Fratiglioni, L., Jennum, P., Lieb, R., Maercker, A., van Os, J., Preisig, M., Salvador-Carulla, L., Simon, R., & Steinhausen, H. C. (2011). The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21(9), 655–679.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Giraldi, T. (2017). The Mental Disorder Epidemic. In: Unhappiness, Sadness and 'Depression'. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57657-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57657-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57656-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57657-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)