Abstract
Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) are introduced for different levels (e.g., microgrid and home) of residential, commercial, and industrial domains. Different management methodologies are implemented using Internet-of-Things (IoT) to address their challenges. IoT has enabled the required interconnectivity for the devices in these systems. However, the management methodologies require multitude of different types of sensing and actuating devices which generate and process large sensed data. Hence, the complexity, scalability, heterogeneity, and performance of the methodologies become challenging with the growing number of these various devices. Implementing the control and management, e.g., energy management-as-a-service for these systems has been seen as a solution providing the required scalability, interactivity, and customizability of architecture. On the other hand, fog computing brings the computation (intelligence) close to the networking platform (edge) benefiting us to address interactivity, scalability, complexity, and inherent heterogeneity challenges. Proximity of the computation to the devices may improve the performance and dependability for delay-sensitive devices. Hence, fog computing has been seen as a promising platform for implementing control-as-a-service (CaaS) in the IoT and CPES. Herein, as an example, we illustrate an energy management-as-a-service implemented on a fog computing platform for a residential CPES.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Berkeley, Microgrids at Berkeley lab (2015) [Online]. Available: der.lbl.gov
M.A. Al Faruque, RAMP: impact of rule based aggregator business model for residential microgrid of prosumers including distributed energy resources, in IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), pp. 1–6, 2014
K. Vatanparvar, M.A. Al Faruque, Design space exploration for the profitability of a rule-based aggregator business model within a residential microgrid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid (TSG) 6 (3), 1167–1175 (2015)
S. Shao, M. Pipattanasomporn, S. Rahman, Challenges of PHEV penetration to the residential distribution network. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2009
S. Shao, T. Zhang, M. Pipattanasomporn, S. Rahman, Impact of TOU rates on distribution load shapes in a smart grid with PHEV penetration, in IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Smart Solutions for a Changing World, 2010
M. Jafari, Optimal energy management in community micro-grids, in IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp. 1–6, 2012
Department of Energy (DOE), Buildings energy data book (2014) buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/TableView.aspx?table=1.1.3
U.S. Department of Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC. Electric power monthly. http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/current_year/april2014.pdf. April, 2014. [June, 2014]
B. Bolin, B. Doos, R. Warrick, J. Jaeger, The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems, 29 (Wiley and Sons (SCOPE), New York, 1986)
M.A. Al Faruque, K. Vatanparvar, Energy management-as-a-service over fog computing platform. IEEE Internet Things J. 3 (2), 161–169 (2016)
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated energy policy report update (2004). Internet: http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/CEC-100-2004-006/CEC-100-2004-006CMF.PDF [June, 2014]
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Clean power plan. Internet: http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-06/documents/20140602ria-clean-power-plan.pdf. June, 2014, [June, 2014]
California Energy Emission, Building energy efficiency program. www.energy.ca.gov/title24, 2014
Department of Energy, US Department of energy strategic plan. energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2011_DOE_Strategic_Plan_.pdf, 2014
S. Teleke, M.E. Baran, S. Bhattacharya, A.Q. Huang, Rule-based control of battery energy storage for dispatching intermittent renewable sources. IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy 1 (3), 117–124 (2010)
P. Siano, Demand response and smart grids’ A survey. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 30, 461–478 (2014)
J. Aghaei, M.-I. Alizadeh, Demand response in smart electricity grids equipped with renewable energy sources: a review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 18, 64–72 (2013)
M.A. Al Faruque, L. Dalloro, S. Zhou, H. Ludwig, G. Lo, Managing residential-level EV charging using network-as-automation platform (NAP) technology, pp. 1–6, 2012
M. Pipattanasomporn, M. Kuzlu, S. Rahman, An algorithm for intelligent home energy management and demand response analysis. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 3 (4), 2166–2173 (2012)
M.A. Al Faruque, F. Ahourai, A model-based design of cyber-physical energy systems, in Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), pp. 97–104, 2014
DER Group at LBNL, “WebOpt”. der.lbl.gov/News/3rd-release-distributed-energy-resources-der-web-optimization-tool-webopt, 2014
T.H. Morris, A.K. Srivastava et al., Engineering future cyber-physical energy systems: challenges, research needs, and roadmap, in North American Power Symposium (NAPS), pp. 1–6, 2009
S. Karnouskos, Cyber-physical systems in the SmartGrid, in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), pp. 20–23, 2011
K. Vatanparvar, M.A. Al Faruque, Demo abstract: energy management as a service over fog computing platform, in ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), pp. 248–249, 2015
K. Vatanparvar, Q. Chau, M.A. Al Faruque, Home energy management as a service over networking platforms, in IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2015
U.S. Department of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Golden Service Center. Financial Assistant Funding Opportunity Announcement. 28 March 2013. DE-FOA-0000822: “Turn key” open source software solutions for energy management of small to medium sized buildings (2014)
F. Jammes, H. Smit, Service-oriented paradigms in industrial automation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. (2005). doi:10.1109/TII.2005.844419
P. Palensky, D. Dietrich, Demand side management: demand response, intelligent energy systems, and smart loads. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 7, 381–388 (2011)
D. Bian, M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn, S. Rahman, Assessment of communication technologies for a home energy management system, in IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), pp. 1–5, 2014
M. Rahman, M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn, S. Rahman, Architecture of web services interface for a home energy management system, in IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), pp. 1–5, 2014
D.-M. Han, J.-H. Lim, Design and implementation of smart home energy management systems based on ZigBee. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 56, 1417–1425 (2010)
Y.-S. Son, T. Pulkkinen, K.-D. Moon, C. Kim, Home energy management system based on power line communication. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 56, 1380–1386 (2010)
S. Katipamula, R.M. Underhill, J.K. Goddard, D. Taasevigen, M. Piette, J. Granderson, R.E. Brown, S.M. Lanzisera, T. Kuruganti, Small-and medium-sized commercial building monitoring and controls needs: a scoping study. Technical Report, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (2012)
X. Ye, J. Huang, A framework for cloud-based smart home, in Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT), vol. 2, pp. 894–897, 2011
J. LaMarche, K. Cheney, S. Christian, K. Roth, Home energy management products & trends. Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (2011)
C. Angulo, R. Téllez, Distributed intelligence for smart home appliances. Tendencias de la minería de datos en España. Red Española de Minería de Datos (2004)
M. Skubic, G. Alexander, M. Popescu, M. Rantz, J. Keller, A smart home application to eldercare: current status and lessons learned. Technol. Health Care 17 (3), 183–201 (2009)
S.Y. Chen, C.F. Lai, Y.M. Huang, Y.L. Jeng, Intelligent home-appliance recognition over IoT cloud network, in 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 639–643, 2013
F. Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, S. Addepalli, Fog computing and its role in the internet of things, in Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, pp. 13–16, 2012
A.-M. Rahmani, N.K. Thanigaivelan, T.N. Gia, J. Granados, B. Negash, P. Liljeberg, H. Tenhunen, Smart e-health gateway: bringing intelligence to internet-of-things based ubiquitous healthcare systems, in IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), pp. 826–834, 2015
Z. Sheng, S. Yang, Y. Yu, A. Vasilakos, J. McCann, K. Leung, A survey on the IETF protocol suite for the internet of things: standards, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 20, 91–98 (2013)
Z. Yan, P. Zhang, A.V. Vasilakos, A survey on trust management for Internet of Things. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 42, 120–134 (2014)
Q. Jing, A.V. Vasilakos, J. Wan, J. Lu, D. Qiu, Security of the Internet of Things: perspectives and challenges. Wirel. Netw. 20, 2481–2501 (2014)
A. Zaslavsky, C. Perera, D. Georgakopoulos, Sensing as a service and big data, arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.0159 (2013)
L. Wang, F. Zhang, J. A. Aroca, A. V. Vasilakos, K. Zheng, C. Hou, D. Li, Z. Liu, GreenDCN: a general framework for achieving energy efficiency in data center networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 32, 4–15 (2014)
S. Patidar, D. Rane, P. Jain, A survey paper on cloud computing, in Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ACCT), pp. 394–398, 2011
Q. Duan, Y. Yan, A.V. Vasilakos, A survey on service-oriented network virtualization toward convergence of networking and cloud computing. IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage. 9, 373–392 (2012)
M.R. Rahimi, N. Venkatasubramanian, A.V. Vasilakos, MuSIC: mobility-aware optimal service allocation in mobile cloud computing, in IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD, pp. 75–82, 2013
G. Fortino, G. Di Fatta, M. Pathan, A.V. Vasilakos, Cloud-assisted body area networks: state-of-the-art and future challenges. Wirel. Netw. 20, 1925–1938 (2014)
L. Wei, H. Zhu, Z. Cao, X. Dong, W. Jia, Y. Chen, A.V. Vasilakos, Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing. Inf. Sci. 258, 371–386 (2014)
Q.Z. Sheng, X. Qiao, A.V. Vasilakos, C. Szabo, S. Bourne, X. Xu, Web services composition: a decade’s overview. Inf. Sci. 280, 218–238 (2014)
A. Copie, T.-F. Fortis, V.I. Munteanu, Benchmarking cloud databases for the requirements of the internet of things, in Information Technology Interfaces (ITI), pp. 77–82, 2013
F. Xu, F. Liu, H. Jin, A.V. Vasilakos, Managing performance overhead of virtual machines in cloud computing: a survey, state of the art, and future directions. Proc. IEEE 102, 11–31 (2014)
L. Wang, F. Zhang, A.V. Vasilakos, C. Hou, Z. Liu, Joint virtual machine assignment and traffic engineering for green data center networks. ACM SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. 41, 107–112 (2014)
M.A. Al Faruque, L. Dalloro, S. Zhou, H. Ludwig, G. Lo, Managing residential-level EV charging using network-as-automation platform (NAP) technology, in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2012
M.A. Al Faruque, A. Canedo, Intelligent and collaborative embedded computing in automation engineering, in Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. 344–345, 2012
P. Baronti, P. Pillai, V.W. Chook, S. Chessa, A. Gotta, Y.F. Hu, Wireless sensor networks: a survey on the state of the art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. Comput. Commun. 30, 1655–1695 (2007)
DD-WRT. Open source firmware for routers (2014). dd-wrt.com/site/index
P. Levis, S. Madden, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, K. Whitehouse, A. Woo, D. Gay, J. Hill, M. Welsh, E. Brewer, D. Culler, TinyOS: an operating system for sensor networks, in Ambient Intelligence (Springer, Berlin, 2005), pp. 115–148
TinyOS Open source operating system for low-power wireless devices. github.com/tinyos. 2014
Web services for devices “(WS4D)”. ws4d.e-technik.uni-rostock.de. 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vatanparvar, K., Al Faruque, M.A. (2018). Control-as-a-Service in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems over Fog Computing. In: Rahmani, A., Liljeberg, P., Preden, JS., Jantsch, A. (eds) Fog Computing in the Internet of Things. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57639-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57639-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57638-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57639-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)