Abstract
Ocular tuberculosis implies any infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), in or around the eye. Ocular tuberculosis has historically been further classified into “primary” and “secondary” ocular tuberculosis: primary, when the disease affects the eye with little or no systemic involvement, and secondary, where a haematogenous spread from a distant site or seeding from an adjacent area (such as the paranasal sinuses) occurs. Secondary ocular tuberculosis can also occur as a cross-reactive immune response by the host to tuberculosis of a distant site, affecting the intraocular tissues. In areas with low TB endemicity, such as the USA and Europe, the estimated prevalence of ocular tuberculosis is around 1–4%, whereas in highly endemic areas like India and the Middle East, the prevalence may be as high as 10–26%. The HIV pandemic and emergence of drug-resistant strains of MTB has generated a renewed interest in the disease.
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Randeep Guleria and Vijay Noel Nongpiur declare that they have no conflict of interest. No human or animal study statements were carried out by the authors for this chapter.
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Guleria, R., Nongpiur, V.N. (2017). Laboratory and Radiological Investigations in the Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis. In: Kumar, A., Chawla, R., Sharma, N. (eds) Ocular Tuberculosis. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57520-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57520-9_4
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