Abstract
The increasing number of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) on the roads will considerably contribute to CO2 emission reduction and reduction of harmful air pollutants of the transport sector. FCEVs are seen as the future “long distance” and “all purpose” alternative to existing pure battery electric vehicles. The general objective in the FC development is to significantly reduce the costs and system degradation in order to increase the market penetration of FC vehicles. In addition to that, a critical issue represents an adequate thermal management and demand oriented cooling of FCEVs to avoid safety issues, degradation and a decrease in efficiency during operation. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can only tolerate a small temperature variation. Two factors are critical when designing a cooling system for PEMFCs. Firstly, the nominal operating temperature of a PEMFC is limited to roughly 80 °C. This means that the driving force for heat rejection is far less than in an internal combustion engine. Secondly, nearly the entire waste heat load must be removed by an ancillary cooling system because the exhaust streams contribute little to the heat removal. Several technical research publications and patents regarding effective cooling strategies are reviewed in this chapter. In the beginning, the thermodynamic characteristics of the heat generation and cooling requirements in a PEMFC stack are discussed. This is followed by outlined advantages, challenges and progresses of various cooling techniques with focus on liquid cooling. Finally, further research needs in this area are presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- BoP:
-
Balance of Plant (Auxiliaries)
- FC:
-
Fuel Cell
- GDL:
-
Gas Diffusion Layer
- HT:
-
High Temperature
- HX:
-
Heat Exchanger
- LT:
-
Low Temperature
- RDE:
-
Real Driving Emission
- PEM:
-
Protone Exchange Membrane
- ICE:
-
Internal Combustion Engine
- H2 :
-
Hydrogen
- FCEV:
-
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
- EV:
-
Electric Vehicle
- HVAC:
-
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
- PEMFC:
-
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
References
Noreikat KE, MTZ Wissen 11. Brennstoffzelle, Antriebsstrang und Infrastruktur, Apr 2013, p 327
Li X (2006) Principles of fuel cells. Taylor & Francis, New York
Wang Y, Chen KS, Mishler J, Cho SC, Adroher XC (2011) A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: technology applications, and needs on fundamental research. Appl Energy
Fuel Cells (2000) Fuel cell vehicles (from auto manufacturers). http://www.fuelcells.org/info/charts/carchart.pdf; 2011
Zhang A, Kandlikar SG (2011) A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Li H, Tang Y, Wang Z, Shi Z, Wu S, Song D, et al (2008) A review of water flooding issues in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, J Power Sources
Dai W, Wang H, Yuan X-Z, Martin JJ, Yang D, Qiao J, et al (2009) A review on water balance in the membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy
Jiao K, Li X (2011) Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Prog Energy Combustion Sci
DOE (2007) Fuel cells technologies program: multi-year research, development and demonstration plan: planned program activities for 2005–2015. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/mypp/pdfs/fuel_cells.pdf
Frano B (2005) PEM fuel cells: theory and practice. Elsevier. ISBN:0-12-078142-5
Itoga M, Hamada S, Mizuno S, Nishiumi H. et al (2016) Development of fuel cell stack for new FCV, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0529
DOE—U.S. Department of Energy, FY (2015) Progress report for the DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program, DOE/GO-102015-4731
Hasegawa T, Imanishi H, Nada M, Ikogi Y (2016) Development of the fuel cell system in the mirai FCV. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1185. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1185
Lasbet Y, Auvity B, Castelain C (2006) Chaotic heat exchanger for PEMFC cooling applications. J Power Source
Matsunaga M, Fukushima T, Ojima K (2009) Powertrain system of honda FCX clarity fuel cell vehicle. EVS24, Stavanger, Norway, 13–16 May 2009
He T, Shi R, Zhuge W (2016) Waste heat recovery of a PEMFC system by using organic rankine cycle. Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing
Eichlseder H, Klell M (2012) Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik. Erzeugung, Speicherung, Anwendung. (Hydrogen in Vehicle Technology, Production, Storage, Application), 3rd edn. Springer Vieweg Wiesbaden, Berlin
Zhang G, Kandlikar SG (2012) A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:2412–2429, Elsevier
Rabbani A, Rokni M (2013) Dynamic characteristics of an automotive fuel cell system for transitory load changes. Sustainable Energy Technol Assessments 1:34–43, Elsevier
Berger O (2009) Thermodynamische Analyse eines Brennstoffzellensystems zum Antrieb von Kraftfahrzeugen. Dissertation, Universität Duisburg-Essen
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nöst, M., Doppler, C., Klell, M., Trattner, A. (2018). Thermal Management of PEM Fuel Cells in Electric Vehicles. In: Watzenig, D., Brandstätter, B. (eds) Comprehensive Energy Management - Safe Adaptation, Predictive Control and Thermal Management. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57445-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57445-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57444-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57445-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)