Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Scheduling and Modeling a Cognitive Assessment Guide for Screening AD by Primary Care Physicians

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
GeNeDis 2016

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 987))

  • 2119 Accesses

Abstract

New research data on Alzheimer’s Disease define it as a clinicobiological entity, which has a long preclinical and presymptomatic phase. Emphasis has been given in early detection and diagnosis, which will allow professionals, caregivers and patients themselves to plan and adjust better to the response of the disease. Primary care physicians, who most often are the first to witness and perceive cognitive impairment, may play a central role in the diagnostic procedure, but frequently they are reluctant to be engaged to the screening procedure. The aim of this study is to model a practical guideline for mental assessment and screening, which will be part of a whole step-to-step medical instruction policy for primary care physicians. After a careful review of the literature, we propose a two-visits approach. This approach combines the measures to be administered in each visit, with a detailed list of close-ended questions on the factors concerning Alzheimer’s screening. The tests are automatically available to the physician through hyperlink connection and the scores are immediately calculated. Clinical trials will follow to test the validity of the proposed guidance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Geldmacher, D.S., and D.R. Kerwin. 2013. Practical Diagnosis and Management of Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease in the Primary Care Setting: An Evidence-Based Approach. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders 15 (4): 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Veneziani, F., B. Aldo, B. Aldo, B.P. Imbimbo, A. Leo, M. Copetti, A. Fontana, S. Arcuti, B. Aldo, and G. Logroscino. 2016. Examination of Level of Knowledge in Italian General Practitioners Attending an Education Session on Diagnosis and Management of the Early Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease: Pass or Fail. International Psychogeriatrics 28 (7): 1111–1124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Simmons, B.B., B. Hartmann, and D. Dejoseph. 2011. Evaluation of Suspected Dementia. American Family Physician 84 (8): 895–902.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fowler, N.R., L. Morrow, L. Chiappetta, B. Snitz, K. Huber, E. Rodriguez, and J. Saxton. 2015. Cognitive Testing in Older Primary Care Patients: A Cluster-Randomized Trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 1 (3): 349–357.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Boustani, M., C.M. Callahan, F.W. Unverztag, M.G. Austrom, A.J. Perkins, B.A. Fultz, S.L. Hui, and H.C. Hendry. 2005. Implementing a Screening and Diagnosis Program for Dementia in Primary Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20: 272–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Apesoa-Varano, E.C., J.C. Barker, and L. Hinton. 2011. Curing and Caring: The Work of Primary Care Physicians with Dementia Patients. Qualitative Health Research 21 (11): 1469–1483.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hinton, L., C.E. Franz, G. Reddy, Y. Flores, R.L. Kravitz, and J.C. Barker. 2007. Practice Constraints, Behavioral Problems, and Dementia Care: Primary Care Physicians’ Perspectives. Journal of General Internal Medicine 22 (11): 1487–1492.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. National Chronic Care Consortium and the Alzheimer’s Association. 2003. Tools for Early Identification, Assessment, and Treatment for People with Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia, pp. 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  9. McKhann, G., D. Drachman, M. Folstein, and R. Katzman. 1984. Views & Reviews Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 34 (7): 939.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dubois, B., H.H. Feldman, C. Jacova, H. Hampel, J.L. Molinuevo, K. Blennow, and P. Scheltens. 2014. Position Paper Advancing Research Diagnostic Criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease: The IWG-2 Criteria. Lasnset Neurology 13: 614–629.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. National Institutes of Health and Clinical Excellence. 2006. Dementia: Supporting People with Dementia and Their Careers in Health and Social Care. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg42?unlid=539472848201646613.

  12. Galvin, J.E., T.M. Meuser, and J.C. Morris. 2012. Improving Physician Awareness of Alzheimer Disease and Enhancing Recruitment: The Clinician Partners Program. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 26 (1): 61–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Cruz-Orduña, I., J.M. Bellón, P. Torrero, E. Aparicio, A. Sanz, N. Mula, and J. Olazarán. 2012. Detecting MCI and Dementia in Primary Care: Efficiency of the MMS, the FAQ and the IQCODE. Family Practice 29 (4): 401–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Galvin, J.E., C.H. Sadowsky, and NINCDS-ADRDA. 2012. Practical Guidelines for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Dementia. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 25 (3): 367–382.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Villars, H., S. Oustric, S. Andrieu, J.P. Baeyens, R. Bernabei, H. Brodaty, and B. Vellas. 2010. The Primary Care Physician and Alzheimer’s Disease: An International Position Paper. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 14 (2): 110–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cordell, C.B., S. Borson, M. Boustani, J. Chodosh, D. Reuben, J. Verghese, and L.B. Fried. 2013. Alzheimer’s Association Recommendations for Operationalizing the Detection of Cognitive Impairment During the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit in a Primary Care Setting. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 9 (2): 141–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. McCarten, J.R. 2013. Clinical Evaluation of Early Cognitive Symptoms. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 29 (4): 791–807.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ritchie, C.W., G.M. Terrera, and T.J. Quinn. 2015. Dementia Trials and Dementia Tribulations: Methodological and Analytical Challenges in Dementia Research. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 7: 31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Leoutsakos, J.S., S.N. Forrester, C.D. Corcoran, M.C. Norton, P.V. Rabins, M.I. Steinberg, J.T. Tschanz, and C.G. Lyketsos. 2015. Latent Classes of Course in Alzheimer’s Disease and Predictors: The Cache County Dementia Progression Study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 30 (8): 824–832.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Yoo, D.H., and J.S. Lee. 2016. Clinical Usefulness of the Clock Drawing Test Applying Rasch Analysis in Predicting of Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28: 2140–2143.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim, M.-J., C.-W. Han, K.-Y. Min, C.-Y. Cho, C.-W. Lee, Y. Ogawa, and M. Kohzuki. 2016. Physical Exercise with Multicomponent Cognitive Intervention for Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 6 (2): 222–232.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. de Paula, J.J., L. Bertola, R.T. Ávila, L. Moreira, G. Coutinho, E.N. de Moraes, and L.F. Malloy-Diniz. 2013. Clinical Applicability and Cutoff Values for an Unstructured Neuropsychological Assessment Protocol for Older Adults with Low Formal Education. PLoS One 8 (9): e73167.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Borson, S., J.M. Scanlan, P. Chen, and M. Ganguli. 2003. The Mini-Cog as a Screen for Dementia: Validation in a Population-Based Sample. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51 (10): 1451–1454.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Borson, S.O.O., J. Scanlan, M. Brush, P. Vitaliano, and A. Dokmak. 1999. Τhe Mini-Cog a Cognitive Vital Signs Measure for Dementia Screening in Multi Lingual Elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatric 15: 1021–1027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Alsaffar, H., L. Wilson, D.P. Kamdar, F. Sultanov, D. Enepekides, and K.M. Higgins. 2016. Informed Consent: Do Information Pamphlets Improve Post-Operative Risk-Recall in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy: Prospective Randomized Control Study. Journal of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery 45 (1): 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Barral, A.G., J. Cacho, and E. Navarro. 2016. Practical Application of Brief Cognitive Tests. Neurología 31 (3): 183–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu, Y., W. Xu, X. Liu, Q. Xu, L. Tang, and S. Wu. 2015. Adjunctive Treatment with High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 27 (5): 280–288.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Sampson, E.L., N. White, K. Lord, B. Leurent, V. Vickerstaff, and S. Scott. 2015. Pain, Agitation, and Behavioural Problems in People with Dementia Admitted to General Hospital Wards: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain 156 (4): 675–683.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Boada Rovira, M., L. Tárraga, G. Modinos, S. Diego, and B. Reisberg. 2006. Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer s Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD): Validación Española. Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer S Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD): Spanish Validation 21 (1): 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Radloff, L.S., and L. Teri. 1986. Use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale with Older Adults. Clinical Gerontologist 5 (1–2): 119–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. de Paula, J.J., M.A. Bicalho, R.T. Ávila, M.T.G. Cintra, B.S. Diniz, M.A. Romano-Silva, and L.F. Malloy-Diniz. 2015. A Reanalysis of Cognitive-Functional Performance in Older Adults: Investigating the Interaction Between Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia, and Depression. Frontiers in Psychology 6 (January): 2061.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Aprahamian, I., B.S. Diniz, R. Izbicki, M. Radanovic, P.V. Nunes, and O.V. Forlenza. 2011. Optimizing the CAMCOG Test in the Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Incipient Dementia: Saving Time with Relevant Domains. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26 (4): 403–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Vogel, S.J., S.J. Banks, J.L. Cummings, and J.B. Miller. 2015. Concordance of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment with Standard Neuropsychological Measures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring 1 (3): 289–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sager, M.A., B.P. Hermann, A. La Rue, and J.L. Woodard. 2006. Screening for Dementia in Community-Based Memory Clinics. WMJ: Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin 105 (7): 25–29.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Brodaty, H., D. Pond, N.M. Kemp, G. Luscombe, L. Harding, K. Berman, and F.A. Huppert. 2002. The GPCOG: A New Screening Test for Dementia Designed for General Practice. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 50 (3): 530–534.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lorentz, W.J., J.M. Scanlan, and Ss Borson. 2002. Brief Screening Tests for Dementia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 47: 723–733.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Milne, A., A. Culverwell, R. Guss, J. Tuppen, and R. Whelton. 2008. Screening for Dementia in Primary Care: A Review of the Use, Efficacy and Quality of Measures. International Psychogeriatrics 20 (5): 911–926.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Knopman, D.S., and R.C. Petersen. 2014. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: A Clinical Perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 89 (10): 1452–1459.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Panegyres, P.K., R. Berry, and J. Burchell. 2016. Early Dementia Screening. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 6 (1): 6.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Henneges, C., C. Reed, Y.F. Chen, G. Dell’Agnello, and J. Lebrec. 2016. Describing the Sequence of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: Results from an Observational Study. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 52 (3): 1065–1080.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Beauchet, O., C.P. Launay, C. Merjagnan, A. Kabeshova, and C. Annweiler. 2014. Quantified Self and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: Older Adults are Able to Evaluate Their Own Health and Functional Status. PLoS One 9 (6): e100636.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Somme, D., A. Gautier, S. Pin, and A. Corvol. 2013. General Practitioner’s Clinical Practices, Difficulties and Educational Needs to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease in France: Analysis of National Telephone-Inquiry Data. BMC Family Practice 14: 81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Mattsson, N., U. Andreasson, S. Persson, M.C. Carrillo, S. Collins, S. Chalbot, and S.A. Käser. 2013. CSF Biomarker Variability in the Alzheimer’s Association Quality Control Program. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 9 (3): 251–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Sperling, R.A. 2012. Toward Defining the Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association Workgroups on Diagnostic Guidelines for Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 7 (3): 280–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Bamford, C., S. Lamont, M. Eccles, L. Robinson, C. May, and J. Bond. 2004. Disclosing a Diagnosis of Dementia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19 (2): 151–169.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Wilcock, J., and R.O. Carroll. 2009. Concordance with Clinical Practice Guidelines for Dementia in General Practice. Ageing and Mental Health 13 (2): 155–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Belmin, J., S. Pariel-Madjlessi, P. Surun, C. Bentot, D. Feteanu, Lefebvre des Noettes, and J.L. Golmard. 2007. The Cognitive Disorders Examination (Codex) is a Reliable 3-Minute Test for Detection of Dementia in the Elderly (Validation Study on 323 Subjects). Presse Médicale 36 (9 I): 1183–1190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, 49100, Greece

    Maria Sagiadinou, Antigoni Avramouli & Panayiotis M. Vlamos

Authors
  1. Maria Sagiadinou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Antigoni Avramouli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Panayiotis M. Vlamos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Sagiadinou .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece

    Panayiotis Vlamos

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Sagiadinou, M., Avramouli, A., Vlamos, P.M. (2017). Scheduling and Modeling a Cognitive Assessment Guide for Screening AD by Primary Care Physicians. In: Vlamos, P. (eds) GeNeDis 2016. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 987. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation