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Abstract

This is a method of programming based around the concept of an object. A software object stores its states, which may include data, as fields (variables or attributes) and its behaviours through methods (functions which contain the code). It is these which define the object’s interface with the external environment. The details of the internal implementation of the object are hidden and all communication with other objects is via its methods. An object’s procedures may interact with and change its data fields if so required. Objects exist as freestanding entities and their source code can be implemented, tested and debugged on its own independently of that of other objects. Individual objects which possess a common definition and therefore common properties, operations and behaviour belong to a class, a template which allows similar objects to be created. Classes may inherit commonly used state and behaviour from other classes and may themselves be grouped into a superclass. All methods defined by an interface must appear in the source code of a class before that class will successfully compile. A group of related classes and interfaces are organized as a package. A set of packages constitutes a class library (such as the Application Programming Interface in Java). Examples of OOP languages are C++ (Stroustrup 1985), Python (van Rossum 1995) and Java (Arnold and Gosling 1996).

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    Richard J. Howarth

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Howarth, R.J. (2017). O. In: Dictionary of Mathematical Geosciences . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57315-1_15

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