Abstract
This article examines the innovation activity of cooperatives in dairy cattle breeding and especially the links between profitability, organization, and innovation in the case of Germany. The combination of an explorative approach and multivariate data analysis, of case studies and data from the official estimation of breeding values, is intended to provide a better understanding of the interdependencies. Our cluster analysis suggests a positive effect of network activity and innovation activity on the profitability of breeding companies. Our results imply that network organizations should be supported by the members. The insights on small cooperatives with a high number of shares per member reveal a second way that could combine the benefits of networks and small cooperatives: the establishment of networks and their splitting in strategic groups with a size-related distribution of shares per member.
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Notes
- 1.
The same data set is also used in the German contribution Höhler (2016).
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Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Data sources | |
Companies in the sample | |
Landesverband Thüringer Rinderzüchter eG | |
Masterrind GmbH | |
Rinder Union West eG | |
Rinderproduktion Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH | |
Rinderzuchtverband Schleswig-Holstein eG | |
Zucht- und Besamungsunion Hessen eG | |
Osnabrücker Herdbuch eG | |
Verein Ostfriesischer Stammviehzüchter eG | |
Annual reports | |
Networks | |
Alpengenetik | |
Nord-Ost-Genetic | |
Rinderallianz | |
Additional companies | |
Besamungsstation Greifenberg | |
Besamungsverein Neustadt a.d. Aisch | |
Göpelgenetik | |
Holstein Austria | |
Rinderbesamungsgenossenschaft Memmingen | |
Rinderunion Baden-Württemberg e.V. | |
Rinderzucht Sachsen-Anhalt eG | |
Rinderzuchtverband Franken | |
Vereinigung der Südtiroler Tierzuchtverbände | |
Zuchtverband Schwarzbunt Rotbunt Bayern |
1.1 1.1 Factor Analysis
1.1.1 KMO- and Bartlett-Test
Degree of sample suitability according to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin | 0.626 | |
Bartlett test for sphericity | Approximate chi-square | 25.939 |
df | 15 | |
Significance according to Bartlett | 0.039 |
1.1.2 Rotated Component Matrix
Component | ||
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
Top cattle | 0.712 | 0.591 |
Top sires | 0.934 | −0.038 |
Index value sires | 0.484 | −0.024 |
Index value cattle | −0.070 | 0.974 |
Top sires genomic | 0.933 | 0.175 |
Index sires genomic | 0.952 | 0.048 |
1.2 1.2 Discriminant Analysis for Cluster Solution 1
1.2.1 Wilks’ Lambda
Test of function(s) | Wilks’ Lambda | Chi-square | df | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.082 | 11.255 | 3 | 0.010 |
1.2.2 Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
Function | |
---|---|
1 | |
Innovation activity 1 | 1.825 |
Annual profit | −1.737 |
Cooperation intensity | 1.713 |
1.3 1.3 Discriminant Analysis for Cluster Solution 2
1.3.1 Wilks’ Lambda
Test of function(s) | Wilks’ Lambda | Chi-square | df | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
1–2 | 0.002 | 12.312 | 6 | 0.055 |
2 | 0.069 | 5.346 | 2 | 0.069 |
1.3.2 Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
Function | ||
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
Innovation activity 1 | 1.003 | 0.988 |
Annual profit | 0.703 | −0.593 |
Cooperation intensity | 0.936 | 0.031 |
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Höhler, J., Kühl, R. (2017). Innovations in Cooperatively Organized Breeding Networks: Analysis of Cluster Structures in Dairy Cattle Breeding in Germany. In: Hendrikse, G., Cliquet, G., Ehrmann, T., Windsperger, J. (eds) Management and Governance of Networks . Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57276-5_10
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