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Nanomaterials in Health care and Cosmetics

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Abstract

Liposomes are defined as vesicular structures with an aqueous core surrounded by a hydrophobic lipid bilayer of phospholipids and the liposomes which have vesicles with size of 15 nm are called as nanoliposomes (Ahmad 2012).

The most beautiful makeup of a woman is passion, but cosmetics are easier to buy.

Yves Saint-Laurent

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Correspondence to Zhypargul Abdullaeva .

Appendices

Questions and Exercises

  1. 1.

    Describe and define the liposome nanoparticles used in cosmetic products.

  2. 2.

    Give four examples of nanoparticle containing cosmetic products. Describe their marketing features.

  3. 3.

    Draw the chemical structure of phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) molecule as a structural unit of liposome.

  4. 4.

    Classify liposomes according to their structure and size characteristics.

  5. 5.

    Describe methods for liposomes preparation.

  6. 6.

    Describe the penetration steps of liposome nanoparticles into and across the skin according to Fig. 3.2.

  7. 7.

    Draw the chemical structure of nonionic surfactant (Span 60TM) molecule composed from stearic acid and 1,4-sorbitan alcohol as a structural component of the niosome nanoparticle.

  8. 8.

    Define the terms: liposome, niosome, and nanocapsule. Describe applications of these nanoparticles in cosmetology.

  9. 9.

    Define the terms: hydrogel, cubosomes, and dendrimer. Describe applications of these nanoparticles in cosmetology.

  10. 10.

    What kind of changes will occur in hydrogels-absorbed excess amounts of water?

  11. 11.

    Describe the role of silver nanoparticles in cosmetic products manufacturing.

Problem drills

  1. 1.

    Calculate the excess area ∆ for liposome with bending rigidity of 20 \(k_{B} T\), molecular cutoff a = 1 nm, membrane side length L of 1026 nm at the temperature of 293 K.

  2. 2.

    Find the surface tension for emulsion droplets with radius of 65 nm at the Laplace pressure of 1.8 atm.

  3. 3.

    Determine the diffusion rate of emulsion droplets with radius of 50 nm in the continuous phase where viscosity is 0.5 centipoise.

  4. 4.

    Calculate the creaming rate for W/O nanoemulsion with droplet radius of 104 nm, density difference of −2.6, viscosity of 0.003 poise, and the local gravity acceleration of 9.805 m/s2.

  5. 5.

    Write the structures for Au NPs and Au micelles existing in the colloidal solution stabilized by hydroxide \(( {\text{OH}}^{\text{ - }} )\) ions.

Answers

  1. 1.

    \(1.609 \times 10^{ - 23} { \log }\,10^{26}\)

  2. 2.

    58.5

  3. 3.

    \(0.29 \times 10^{ - 23}\)

  4. 4.

    \(- 2.04 \times 10^{ - 9}\)

  5. 5.
    $$\underbrace {{\underbrace {{\left\{ {(Au)_{m,n} [Au(OH)_{4} ]^{ - } ,(n - x)H^{ + } } \right\}^{x - } }}_{{{\text{Au}}\,{\text{particle}}}}xH^{ + } }}_{{{\text{Au}}\,{\text{micelle}}}}$$

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Abdullaeva, Z. (2017). Nanomaterials in Health care and Cosmetics. In: Nanomaterials in Daily Life. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57216-1_3

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