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Advances in Neuroimaging for Neurodegenerative Disease

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Neurodegenerative Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 15))

Abstract

This chapter is intended as a primer to the most widely used neuroimaging methods available in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the neurodegenerative diseases. We describe the imaging methods that allow us to examine brain structure, function and pathology and investigate neurodegenerative mechanisms in vivo. We describe methods to interrogate brain structure with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain function with molecular imaging, functional MRI and electro- and magneto-encephalography. We highlight the major neuroimaging advances, including brain stimulation and connectomics, which have brought new insights into a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases and describe some of the challenges in imaging clinical populations. Finally, we discuss the future of neuroimaging in neurodegenerative disease and its potential for generating predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

aD:

Axial diffusivity

BOLD:

Blood oxygenation level dependent

bvFTD:

Behavioural-variant fronto-temporal dementia

CBD:

Cortico-basal syndrome

CT:

Computed tomography

DBS:

Deep brain stimulation

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

DWI:

Diffusion weighted imaging

EEG:

Electroencephalography

ERP:

Event-related potential

FA:

Fractional anisotropy

FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

FLAIR:

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

HD:

Huntington’s disease

HMPAO:

Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime

ICA:

Independent components analysis

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MEG:

Magnetoencephalography

MRA:

Magnetic resonance angiography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NAA:

N-Acetylaspartate

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PNFA:

Primary non-fluent aphasia

rD:

Radial diffusivity

SD:

Semantic dementia

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

SUV:

Standardised uptake value

T:

Tesla

TES:

Transcranial electrical stimulation

TMS:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Acknowledgments

M.V. was supported by a grant from The Medical Research Council, project grant number MR/M023664/1. N.E. was supported by National Health and Medical Research Council project grant number APP1020526.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK

    Michele Veldsman

  2. The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia

    Michele Veldsman & Natalia Egorova

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  1. Michele Veldsman
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Correspondence to Michele Veldsman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Melbourne Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia

    Philip Beart

  2. Pediatrics and Pharmacology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael Robinson

  3. School of Life Sciences Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom

    Marcus Rattray

  4. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Nicholas J. Maragakis

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Veldsman, M., Egorova, N. (2017). Advances in Neuroimaging for Neurodegenerative Disease. In: Beart, P., Robinson, M., Rattray, M., Maragakis, N. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_18

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