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The Owls of Costa Rica

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Neotropical Owls

Abstract

Costa Rica is known worldwide for its high biodiversity concentrated in a rather small area, and the Strigiformes form no exception to this diversity. A total of 17 species have been recorded in the country during more than 150 years of ornithological research. Since 1964, owl species richness has not increased, and one species (Asio stygius) is considered in the category of “expected occurrence.” Costa Rican owl species are classified in 11 genera, Megascops and Glaucidium being the more diverse in terms of species numbers. There are no endemic species, but two species are considered regional endemics, Glaucidium costaricanum and Megascops clarkii. Fourteen species are residents and three are accidental. For the Pacific slope, 13 species have been recorded, while ten species have been recorded for the Caribbean slope, and ten species are shared between them. One species is restricted to the Caribbean slope, while three species, previously considered as Pacific lowlands only, have recently been reported from the Caribbean slope. Three species are exclusively found in the highlands over 2000 m. All of the owl species are included in CITES, Appendix II. We have documented 58 existing published documents that include the 17 species of Costa Rican owls (37 corresponding to Strigidae, one to Tytonidae, and 20 in the order Strigiformes). Costa Rica’s owls remain poorly studied, and there are considerable knowledge gaps for many species. It is essential to generate biological and ecological baseline data to know the actual status and population trends of Costa Rican owls, providing the Region with information that allows us to take conservation actions and further directions for these taxa.

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Acknowledgments

To Paula Enríquez, without her enthusiasm and dedication, this chapter would not be possible. To John Van Dort, Mario A. Salazar, and Ricardo Pérez León for their contributions and support during the realization of this and A C. Sánchez for providing information about IBAs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundación Rapaces de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica

    Pablo Camacho-Varela & Randall Arguedas-Porras

  2. Fundación Pro Zoológicos, San José, Costa Rica

    Randall Arguedas-Porras

Authors
  1. Pablo Camacho-Varela
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  2. Randall Arguedas-Porras
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pablo Camacho-Varela .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico

    Paula L. Enriquez

Appendix 8.1

Appendix 8.1

List of studies and references realized in owl of Costa Rica

Component

Family

Species

References

Behavior

Strigidae

M. guatemalae, L. cristata, P. perspicillata, C. virgata, C.nigrolineata, G. griseiceps

Enríquez and Rangel-Salazar (2004)

Behavior

Strigidae

M. guatemalae, L. cristata, P. perspicillata, C. virgata, C. nigrolineata

Enríquez and Rangel-Salazar (1997b)

Behavior

Strigidae

G. brasilianum

Sandoval and Wilson (2012)

Diet

Strigidae

M. choliba

Acosta-Chaves and Granados (2015)

Diet

Strigidae

C. virgata

Acosta-Chaves (2015)

Diet

Strigidae

P. clamator

De la (2015)

Diet

Strigidae

G. griseiceps

Janzen (1976)

Diet

Strigidae

P. perspicillata

Ramírez-Fernández and Solís-del Valle (2014)

Diet

Strigidae

C. nigrolineata

Sandoval-Vargas et al. (2008)

Diet

Tytonidae

Tyto alba

Vaughan and McCoy (1982)

Dieta, distribución

Strigidae

C. nigrolineata

Dickerman (1971)

Diet, distribution, reproduction

Strigidae

A. ridgwayi

Carman (2016)

Distribution

Strigidae

A. ridgwayi

Alfaro (1905)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. brasilianum, C. virgata

Alvarado Quesada and Durán Alvarado (2006)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. brasilianum

Alvarado-Quesada and Bolaños-Redondo (2011)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. brasilianum, C. virgata, P. perspicillata, M. clarkii

Alvarado-Quesada and Bolaños-Redondo (2012)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. griseiceps

Bangs (1909)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. brasilianum

Cabanis (1862)

Distribution

Strigidae

M. cooperi, M. choliba, M. clarkii, M. guatemalae

Camacho-Varela (2014)

Distribution

General

General

Carriker (1910)

Distribution

Strigidae

L. cristata

Cherrie (1893)

Distribution

Strigidae

General

Frantzius (1869)

Distribution

General

General

Garrigues and Dean (2007)

Distribution

General

General

Garrigues and Dean (2014)

Distribution

General

General

Garrigues et al. (2016)

Distribution

General

T. alba, M. cooperi, M. choliba, G. brasilianum, C. virgata

Guido-Granados and Rodríguez Arias (2011)

Distribution

General

General

Guido-Granados and Rodríguez Arias (2013)

Distribution

General

T. alba, M. guatemalae, C. virgata, C. nigrolineata, G. griseiceps, L. cristata, P. perspicillata, P. clamator

Harvey and Gonzalez Villalobos (2007)

Distribution

General

General

Morales (1978)

Distribution

Strigidae

B. virginianus

Oberholser (1904)

Distribution

Strigidae

T. alba, L. cristata, C. nigrolineata, P. clamator

Orians and Paulson (1969)

Distribution

Strigidae

P. perspicillata, G. brasilianum

Rodríguez Arias and Brenes-Cambronero (2010)

Distribution

Strigidae

General

Sánchez (2002)

Distribution

Strigidae

G. costaricanum, M. guatemalae, M. choliba, M. clarkii, L. cristata, P. perspicillata, C. nigrolineata, C. virgata, A. ridgwayi

Sánchez et al. (2004)

Distribution

General

T. alba, P. perspicillata, G. brasilianum, P. clamator

Slud (1980)

Distribution

Strigidae

M. choliba

Smith (1983)

Distribution

General

General

Stiles and Lewis (1980)

Distribution

General

General

Underwood (1899)

Distribution

Strigidae

M. cooperi, M. choliba, P. perspicillata, A. cunicularia.

Vargas (2012)

Distribution, Taxonomy

General

General

Chesser et al. (2016)

Distribution, Taxonomy

Strigidae

M. trichopsis guatemalae

Hekstra (1982)

Distribution, Taxonomy

Strigidae

G. costaricanum

Kelso (1937)

Distribution, Taxonomy

Strigidae

Megascops

Ridgway (1878)

General

General

General

König et al. (2008)

General

General

General

Lawrence (1870)

General

General

General

Marks et al. (1999)

General

General

General

Ridgely and Gwynne (1989)

General

General

General

Slud (1964)

General

General

General

Stiles and Skutch (2003)

General

General

General

Weidensaul (2015)

Parasites

Strigidae

M. clarkii, P. perspicillata

Marin (1988)

Perception

General

General

Enríquez and Mikkola (1997)

Population

Strigidae

M. guatemalae, L. cristata, P. perspicillata, C. virgata, C. nigrolineata, G. griseiceps

Enríquez and Rangel-Salazar (2001)

Reproduction

Strigidae

M. clarkii

Enríquez and Rangel-Salazar (1997a)

Reproduction

Strigidae

M. guatemalae and G. costaricanum

Marín and Schmitt (1991)

Reproduction

Strigidae

G. brasilianum

Valerio (2001)

Taxonomy

Strigidae

M. guatemalae and G. costaricanum

Ridgway (1887)

Taxonomy

Strigidae

B. virginianus

Webster and Orr (1958)

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Camacho-Varela, P., Arguedas-Porras, R. (2017). The Owls of Costa Rica. In: Enriquez, P. (eds) Neotropical Owls. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57108-9_8

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