Abstract
In the previous chapter, it has been realized that smart city concerns urban innovation not necessarily but mainly based on ICT. This kind of innovation structures the smart city ecosystem, which was presented as a multi-tier scheme (Fig. 2.7). This figure indicates the different types of hard and soft technologies that are being built by the smart city industry and can be classified as in the following subsections. In each of the following sub-sections a brief presentation and discussion is performed for these technologies and the reader must seek for further details to explore them deeper.
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Anthopoulos, L.G. (2017). The Smart City in Practice. In: Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick?. Public Administration and Information Technology, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57015-0_3
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