Abstract
Modern totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin and China under Mao have been widely analyzed.
Parts 4.1–4.4 of this chapter are republished with permission from Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag; Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich. Original Publication: Bernholz, Peter (1997), Ideology, Sects, State and Totalitarianism. A General Theory. In: Maier, Hans and Schaefer, Michael (eds.): ‘Totalitarismus und Politische Religionen’, Band II, 272–298.
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Bernholz, P. (2017). Further Historical Cases of Totalitarian Regimes. In: Totalitarianism, Terrorism and Supreme Values. Studies in Public Choice, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56907-9_4
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