Abstract
In this chapter we introduce methodologies for modeling whole-body cardiovascular dynamics. Lumped parameter modeling techniques are employed to model both open-loop and closed-loop dynamics. The main constituents of the model are the pulmonary arterial and venous circulation, the systemic arterial and venous circulation, and the four chambers of the heart. A fully automated parameter estimation framework is introduced, which is based on two sequential steps: first, a series of parameters are computed directly, and, next, a fully automatic optimization-based calibration method is employed to iteratively estimate the values of the remaining parameters. A detailed sensitivity analysis has been performed for identifying the parameters which require calibration. Advanced objectives defined based on slopes and interval of times determined from the measured volume and pressure curves are formulated to improve the overall agreement between computed and measured quantities. Furthermore, methods for modeling subtle influences, e.g. from the KG diaphragm, and pathologic heart valves (stenosed, regurgitant) are introduced.
The methodology has been validated both for healthy volunteers and for a patient with mild aortic valve regurgitation: a close-agreement between the computed and measured time-varying LV volumes, time-varying LV and aortic pressures, and PV loops has been obtained. This feature is based on research, and is not commercially available. Due to regulatory reasons its future availability cannot be guaranteed.
Parts of Sect. 5.2 have been published before in the paper ‘Model based non-invasive estimation of PV loop from echocardiography’, 36th Annual Inter. Conf. of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society—EMBC 2014, Chicago, USA, August 26–30, pp. 6774–6777, 2014.
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The authors would like to thank Bogdan Georgescu, Ali Kamen, Constantin Suciu and Dorin Comaniciu for their input.
This feature is based on research, and is not commercially available. Due to regulatory reasons its future availability cannot be guaranteed.
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Mihalef, V., Itu, L., Mansi, T., Sharma, P. (2017). Lumped Parameter Whole Body Circulation Modelling. In: Itu, L., Sharma, P., Suciu, C. (eds) Patient-specific Hemodynamic Computations: Application to Personalized Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Pathologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56853-9_5
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