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Strain-Specific Virulence Differences in Listeria monocytogenes: Current Perspectives in Addressing an Old and Vexing Issue

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Foodborne Pathogens

Part of the book series: Food Microbiology and Food Safety ((PRACT))

Abstract

The query of whether all strains of Listeria monocytogenes should be considered to be human pathogens and of equal public health relevance has long attracted keen interest and generated debates among public health professionals, regulatory agencies, the food industry, and scientists investigating virulence and pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. Animal models have often given contradictory and ambiguous results and have frequently lacked sufficient biological relevance, further aggravating the controversy. Different regulatory bodies have instituted regulations varying in threshold (e.g. “zero” tolerance in ready-to-eat foods vs. a certain number of CFUs) permissible in a sample of a certain size, depending on the nature of the sample and the extent to which it is permissive of L. monocytogenes growth. The issue has remained unsettled. However, recent breakthroughs in L. monocytogenesgenotypic assessments and integration of whole genome sequence data with human susceptibility and disease outcome metrics are beginning to provide substantial evidence for differences in virulence among L. monocytogenes strains. Increasing evidence supports the disproportionately high contribution of a relatively small number of “hypervirulent clones” to human listeriosis.

Statements articulated in this chapter reflect the opinions of the authors (Peter Evans and Vikrant Dutta) and not necessarily those of the US Government.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge partial support by USDA-AFRI Food Safety grant no. 2011-03603. We are especially grateful to Dr. Yi Chen for feedback utilized in this work. We apologize to many colleagues whose investigations may have been inadvertently omitted from discussion in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Sophia Kathariou & Vikrant Dutta

  2. USDA-FSIS, Washington, 20250, DC, USA

    Peter Evans

  3. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Vikrant Dutta

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  1. Sophia Kathariou
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  2. Peter Evans
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Correspondence to Sophia Kathariou .

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  1. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA

    Joshua B. Gurtler

  2. University of Georgia, Center of Food Safety, Griffin, Georgia, USA

    Michael P. Doyle

  3. Kornacki Microbiology Solutions, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Jeffrey L. Kornacki

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Kathariou, S., Evans, P., Dutta, V. (2017). Strain-Specific Virulence Differences in Listeria monocytogenes: Current Perspectives in Addressing an Old and Vexing Issue. In: Gurtler, J., Doyle, M., Kornacki, J. (eds) Foodborne Pathogens. Food Microbiology and Food Safety(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56836-2_3

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