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Gonococcal Infections

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Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations

Abstract

Although gonorrhea has afflicted humans for centuries, this sexually transmitted infection remains common, including among HIV-infected adults, and an important cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and other reproductive complications. Gonorrhea can present with urethral or cervical discharge, but cervical, pharyngeal, and rectal infections are often asymptomatic, and only detected by screening. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the preferred diagnostic and screening tests, with high sensitivity and specificity. At this time, NAATs do not allow antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), which requires isolation of the bacteria by culture. Treatment of gonorrhea is often presumptive and based on existing treatment guidelines, but has been complicated by repeated bacterial acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Emerging resistance to the currently recommended therapies is a growing concern. This chapter explores aspects of gonorrhea relevant to clinical care of HIV-infected adults, including basic science, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic considerations, and treatment.

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The findings and conclusions in this chapter are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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  1. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-63, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Alex de Voux

  2. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Robert D. Kirkcaldy

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  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

    Laura Hinkle Bachmann

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de Voux, A., Kirkcaldy, R.D. (2017). Gonococcal Infections. In: Bachmann, L. (eds) Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56694-8_4

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