Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons pp 427–438Cite as

Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2483 Accesses

Abstract

Long before the discovery of estrogen and progesterone receptors and understanding their function on breast cells, endocrine manipulation was used in the treatment of breast cancer. Adjuvant endocrine therapy reduces the recurrence risk, the incidence of contralateral breast cancer and mortality in women with early hormone-sensitive breast cancer. The choice of treatment modalities and their duration depends on the biology of the breast cancer, the characteristics of the woman, in particular on her menopausal status, as well as on concomitant diseases and on patient’s preferences. Knowledge about possible side effects and long-term outcomes as well as current guidelines is a necessity for the practising breast specialist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  1. Nunn T. On cancer of the breast. London: J & A Churchill; 1882. p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beatson G. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet. 1896;ii:104–7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boyd S. On oophorectomy in the treatment of cancer. BMJ. 1897;2:890–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. de Courmelles F. La radiotherapie indirecte, ou dirigée parles correlations organiques. Arch Elect Med. 1922;32:264.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jensen EV. On the mechanism of estrogen action. Perspect Biol Med. 1962;6:47–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thurlimann B, Senn HJ. Meeting highlights: updated international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;21(17):3357–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zafrani B, Aubriot MH, Mouret E, De Cremoux P, De Rycke Y, Nicolas A, et al. High sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry for the detection of hormone receptors in breast carcinoma: comparison with biochemical determination in a prospective study of 793 cases. Histopathology. 2000;37(6):536–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Osborne CK, Yochmowitz MG, Knight WA 3rd, McGuire WL. The value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer. 1980;46(12 Suppl):2884–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pujol P, Daures JP, Thezenas S, Guilleux F, Rouanet P, Grenier J. Changing estrogen and progesterone receptor patterns in breast carcinoma during the menstrual cycle and menopause. Cancer. 1998;83(4):698–705.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. NCCN - Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines), Breast cancer (Version 1. 2016). http://www.nccnorg/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breastpdf. Accessed 16 Mar 2016.

  11. Robert NJ, Dalton WS, Osborne CK, Abeloff M. Therapy in premenopausal women with advanced, oestrogen positive or/and progesterone positive breast cancer: surgical oophorectomy versus the LHRH analogue, Zoladex. Horm Res. 1989;32(Suppl 1):221–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005;365:1687–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials Collaborative Group. Ovarian ablation or suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer: results from the international adjuvant breast cancer ovarian ablation or suppression randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(7):516–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. LHRH-agonists in Early Breast Cancer Overview Group, Cuzick J, Ambroisine L, Davidson N, Jakesz R, Kaufmann M, et al. Use of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone agonists as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised adjuvant trials. Lancet. 2007;369(9574):1711–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), Davies C, Godwin J, Gray R, Clarke M, Cutter D, et al. Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2011;378(9793):771–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet. 1998;351(9114):1451–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Colleoni M, Gelber S, Goldhirsch A, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Price KN, et al. Tamoxifen after adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal women with lymph node-positive breast cancer: International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 13-93. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24(9):1332–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Davies C, Pan H, Godwin J, Gray R, Arriagada R, Raina V, et al. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9869):805–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Burstein HJ, Temin S, Anderson H, Buchholz TA, Davidson NE, Gelmon KE, et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(21):2255–69.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Stoeger H, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Heck D, Menzel C, et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer: 62-month follow-up from the ABCSG-12 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(7):631–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Francis PA, Regan MM, Fleming GF, Lang I, Ciruelos E, Bellet M, et al. Adjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(5):436–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pagani O, Regan MM, Walley BA, Fleming GF, Colleoni M, Lang I, et al. Adjuvant exemestane with ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(2):107–18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Burstein HJ, Lacchetti C, Anderson H, Buchholz TA, Davidson NE, Gelmon KE, et al. Adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update on ovarian suppression. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(14):1689–701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Coates AS, Winer EP, Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Gnant M, Piccart-Gebhart M, et al. Tailoring therapies--improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2015;26(8):1533–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Parker WH, Feskanich D, Broder MS, Chang E, Shoupe D, Farquhar CM, et al. Long-term mortality associated with oophorectomy compared with ovarian conservation in the nurses’ health study. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(4):709–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Atsma F, Bartelink ML, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. Postmenopausal status and early menopause as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Menopause. 2006;13(2):265–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bernhard J, Luo W, Ribi K, Colleoni M, Burstein HJ, Tondini C, et al. Patient-reported outcomes with adjuvant exemestane versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with early breast cancer undergoing ovarian suppression (TEXT and SOFT): a combined analysis of two phase 3 randomised trials. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(7):848–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ribi K, Luo W, Bernhard J, Francis PA, Burstein HJ, Ciruelos E, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression versus tamoxifen alone in premenopausal women with early breast cancer: patient-reported outcomes in the suppression of ovarian function trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(14):1601–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Phillips K, Feng Y, Ribi K, Bernhard J, Puglisi F, Bellet M, et al. Co-SOFT: the cognitive function sub-study of the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT). Poster P1–12-01/Abstract 844, San Antonio breast cancer symposium, 9–13 Dec 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Osborne CK, Zhao H, Fuqua SA. Selective estrogen receptor modulators: structure, function, and clinical use. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2000;18(17):3172–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wakeling AE. Similarities and distinctions in the mode of action of different classes of antioestrogens. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2000;7(1):17–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Smith IE, Dowsett M. Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(24):2431–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gray R. Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years vs stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(suppl):abstract 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Albain K, Green S, Ravdin P, et al. Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy for primary breast c ancer should be sequential instead of concurrent: Initial results from Intergroup trial 0100. Proc Amer Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;21:37a, (abstr 143).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pico C, Martin M, Jara C, Barnadas A, Pelegri A, Balil A, et al. Epirubicin-cyclophosphamide adjuvant chemotherapy plus tamoxifen administered concurrently versus sequentially: randomized phase III trial in postmenopausal node-positive breast cancer patients. A GEICAM 9401 study. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2004;15(1):79–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pierce LJ, Hutchins LF, Green SR, Lew DL, Gralow JR, Livingston RB, et al. Sequencing of tamoxifen and radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(1):24–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hertz DL, McLeod HL, Irvin WJ Jr. Tamoxifen and CYP2D6: a contradiction of data. Oncologist. 2012;17(5):620–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Province MA, Goetz MP, Brauch H, Flockhart DA, Hebert JM, Whaley R, et al. CYP2D6 genotype and adjuvant tamoxifen: meta-analysis of heterogeneous study populations. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;95(2):216–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Harris LN, Ismaila N, McShane LM, Andre F, Collyar DE, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, et al. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: american society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(10):1134–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Regan MM, Leyland-Jones B, Bouzyk M, Pagani O, Tang W, Kammler R, et al. CYP2D6 genotype and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer: the breast international group 1-98 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(6):441–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Huober J, Cole BF, Rabaglio M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Wu J, Ejlertsen B, et al. Symptoms of endocrine treatment and outcome in the BIG 1-98 study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;143(1):159–69.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Frechette D, Paquet L, Verma S, Clemons M, Wheatley-Price P, Gertler SZ, et al. The impact of endocrine therapy on sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer: encouraging results from a prospective study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;141(1):111–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ganz PA, Petersen L, Castellon SA, Bower JE, Silverman DHS, Cole SW, et al. Cognitive function after the initiation of adjuvant endocrine therapy in early-stage breast cancer: an observational cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(31):3559–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), Dowsett M, Forbes JF, Bradley R, Ingle J, Aihara T, et al. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;386(10001):1341–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Breast International Group 1-98 Collaborative Groups, Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS, Mouridsen H, Mauriac L, et al. A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(26):2747–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thurlimann B, Mouridsen H, Mauriac L, Forbes JF, et al. Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: update of study BIG 1-98. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):486–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Regan MM, Price KN, Giobbie-Hurder A, Thurlimann B, Gelber RD, International Breast Cancer Study G, et al. Interpreting Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98: a randomized, double-blind, phase III trial comparing letrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(3):209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Pritchard KI, Robert NJ, Muss H, Gralow J, et al. Extending aromatase-inhibitor adjuvant therapy to 10 years. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(3):209–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Amir E, Seruga B, Niraula S, Carlsson L, Ocana A. Toxicity of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(17):1299–309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Guerrero A, Gavila J, Folkerd E, Ortiz B, Martinez F, Garcia A, et al. Incidence and predictors of ovarian function recovery (OFR) in breast cancer (BC) patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) who switched from tamoxifen to exemestane. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2013;24(3):674–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Henry NL, Azzouz F, Desta Z, Li L, Nguyen AT, Lemler S, et al. Predictors of aromatase inhibitor discontinuation as a result of treatment-emergent symptoms in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2012;30(9):936–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Henry NL, Giles JT, Stearns V. Aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms: etiology and strategies for management. Oncology. 2008;22(12):1401–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lintermans A, Laenen A, Van Calster B, Van Hoydonck M, Pans S, Verhaeghe J, et al. Prospective study to assess fluid accumulation and tenosynovial changes in the aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal syndrome: 2-year follow-up data. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2013;24(2):350–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Presant CA, Bosserman L, Young T, Vakil M, Horns R, Upadhyaya G, et al. Aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia and/ or bone pain: frequency and characterization in non-clinical trial patients. Clin Breast Cancer. 2007;7(10):775–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Senkus E, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rutgers E, et al. Primary breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(suppl 5):v8–v30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Stoeger H, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Knauer M, Moik M, et al. Zoledronic acid combined with adjuvant endocrine therapy of tamoxifen versus anastrozol plus ovarian function suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer: final analysis of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 12. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2015;26(2):313–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Eidtmann H, de Boer R, Bundred N, Llombart-Cussac A, Davidson N, Neven P, et al. Efficacy of zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant letrozole: 36-month results of the ZO-FAST Study. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2010;21(11):2188–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Leyland-Jones B, Gray KP, Abramovitz M, Bouzyk M, Young B, Long B, et al. CYP19A1 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in the BIG 1-98 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;151(2):373–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Artigalas O, Vanni T, Hutz MH, Ashton-Prolla P, Schwartz IV. Influence of CYP19A1 polymorphisms on the treatment of breast cancer with aromatase inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2015;13:139.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Phillips KA, Aldridge J, Ribi K, Sun Z, Thompson A, Harvey V, et al. Cognitive function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients one year after completing adjuvant endocrine therapy with letrozole and/or tamoxifen in the BIG 1-98 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;126(1):221–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Phillips KA, Ribi K, Sun Z, Stephens A, Thompson A, Harvey V, et al. Cognitive function in postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant letrozole or tamoxifen for breast cancer in the BIG 1-98 randomized trial. Breast. 2010;19(5):388–95.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Schilder CM, Seynaeve C, Beex LV, Boogerd W, Linn SC, Gundy CM, et al. Effects of tamoxifen and exemestane on cognitive functioning of postmenopausal patients with breast cancer: results from the neuropsychological side study of the tamoxifen and exemestane adjuvant multinational trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2010;28(8):1294–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Burstein HJ, Prestrud AA, Seidenfeld J, Anderson H, Buchholz TA, Davidson NE, et al. American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline: update on adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(23):3784–96.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. NolvadexAdjuvantTrialOrganisation N. Controlled trial of tamoxifen as a single adjuvant agent in the management of early breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1988;57(6):608–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Fisher B, Costantino J, Redmond C, Poisson R, Bowman D, Couture J, et al. A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(8):479–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Fisher B, Dignam J, Bryant J, Wolmark N. Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen for lymph node-negative breast cancer: updated findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B-14 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(9):684–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Stewart HJ. The Scottish trial of adjuvant tamoxifen in node-negative breast cancer. Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1992;11:117–20.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Stewart HJ, Forrest AP, Everington D, McDonald CC, Dewar JA, Hawkins RA, et al. Randomised comparison of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen with continuous therapy for operable breast cancer. The Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(2):297–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Stewart HJ, Prescott RJ, Forrest AP. Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial: a randomized study updated to 15 years. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(6):456–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Boccardo F, Amoroso D, Rubagotti A, Sismondi P, De Sanctis C, Cappellini M, et al. Endocrine therapy of breast cancer. The experience of the Italian Cooperative Group for Chemohormonal Therapy of Early Breast Cancer (GROCTA). Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;698:318–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Abel U, Hilfrich J, Caffier H, Kreienberg R, et al. Adjuvant randomized trials of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide versus doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/tamoxifen and CMF chemotherapy versus tamoxifen in women with node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1993;11(3):454–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Tormey DC, Gray R, Abeloff MD, Roseman DL, Gilchrist KW, Barylak EJ, et al. Adjuvant therapy with a doxorubicin regimen and long-term tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1992;10(12):1848–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group and ICRF Breast Unit. Adjuvant ovarian ablation versus CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal women with pathological stage II breast carcinoma: The Scottish trial. Lancet. 1993;341:1293–8.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB, Bengtsson NO, Bergh J, Cold S, et al. Similar efficacy for ovarian ablation compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: from a randomized comparison of premenopausal patients with node-positive, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24(31):4956–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Schmid P, Untch M, Kosse V, Bondar G, Vassiljev L, Tarutinov V, et al. Leuprorelin acetate every-3-months depot versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: the TABLE study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2007;25(18):2509–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W, Blamey R, Cuzick J, Namer M, et al. Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: the zoladex early breast cancer research association study. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;20(24):4628–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Davidson NE, O’Neill AM, Vukov AM, Osborne CK, Martino S, White DR, et al. Chemoendocrine therapy for premenopausal women with axillary lymph node-positive, steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: results from INT 0101 (E5188). J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(25):5973–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Baum M, Hackshaw A, Houghton J, Rutqvist, Fornander T, Nordenskjold B, et al. Adjuvant goserelin in pre-menopausal patients with early breast cancer: results from the ZIPP study. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42(7):895–904.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. International Breast Cancer Study Group. Randomized controlled trial of ovarian function suppression plus tamoxifen versus the same endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy: is chemotherapy necessary for premenopausal women with node-positive, endocrine-responsive breast cancer? First results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 11-93. Breast. 2001;10:130–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Castiglione-Gertsch M, O’Neill A, Price KN, Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Colleoni M, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin versus either modality alone for premenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(24):1833–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Arriagada R, Le MG, Spielmann M, Mauriac L, Bonneterre J, Namer M, et al. Randomized trial of adjuvant ovarian suppression in 926 premenopausal patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2005;16(3):389–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Robert N, Wang M, Cella D, Martino S, Tripathy D, Ingle J, et al. Phase III comparison of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen with ovarian ablation in premenopausal women with axillary node-negative receptor-positive breast cancer < = 3 cm. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;22:5.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Love RR, Philips J. Oophorectomy for breast cancer: history revisited. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(19):1433–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D, Mesiti M, Romeo D, Sismondi P, et al. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive pre−/perimenopausal breast cancer patients: results of the Italian Breast Cancer Adjuvant Study Group 02 randomized trial. boccardo@hp380.ist.unige.it. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2000;18(14):2718–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Roché H, Kerbrat P, Bonneterre J, Fargeot P, Fumoleau P, Monnier A, et al. Complete hormonal blockade versus epirubicin-based chemotherapy in premenopausal, one to three node-positive, and hormone-receptor positive, early breast cancer patients: 7-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 06 randomised trial. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2006;17(8):1221–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Roché H, Mihura J, de Lafontan B, Reme-Saumon M, Martel P, Dubois J, et al. Castration and tamoxifen vs chemotherapy (FAC) for premenopausal, node and receptors positive breast cancer patients: a randomized trial with a 7 years follow-up. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1996;15:117.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Kubista E, Gnant M, Menzel C, Bauernhofer T, et al. Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer--austrian breast and colorectal cancer study group trial 5. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;20(24):4621–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Forbes J, Houghton JH, Klijn JG, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9324):2131–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, et al. Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years’ adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet. 2005;365(9453):60–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, Robert NJ, Muss HB, Piccart MJ, et al. Randomized trial of letrozole following tamoxifen as extended adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive breast cancer: updated findings from NCIC CTG MA.17. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(17):1262–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, Robert NJ, Muss HB, Piccart MJ, et al. A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(19):1793–802.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, Paridaens R, Jassem J, Delozier T, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(11):1081–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Coombes RC, Kilburn LS, Snowdon CF, Paridaens R, Coleman RE, Jones SE, et al. Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years’ tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9561):559–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M, Mittlboeck M, Greil R, Tausch C, et al. Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years’ adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9484):455–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Hilfrich H. Survival benefit of switching to anastrozole after 2 years of treatment with tamoxifen versus continued tamoxifen therapy: the ARNO 95 study (abstract 547). J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18S):14s.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Puntoni M, Guglielmini P, Amoroso D, Fini A, et al. Switching to anastrozole versus continued tamoxifen treatment of early breast cancer: preliminary results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22):5138–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Nuzzo F, Gallo C, Lastoria S, Di Maio M, Piccirillo MC, Gravina A, et al. Bone effect of adjuvant tamoxifen, letrozole or letrozole plus zoledronic acid in early-stage breast cancer: the randomized phase 3 HOBOE study. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol ESMO. 2012;23(8):2027–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rossi E, Morabito A, Di Rella F, Esposito G, Gravina A, Labonia V, et al. Endocrine effects of adjuvant letrozole compared with tamoxifen in hormone-responsive postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer: the HOBOE trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2009;27(19):3192–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Cataliotti L, Buzdar AU, Noguchi S, Bines J, Takatsuka Y, Petrakova K, et al. Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative “Arimidex” Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial. Cancer. 2006;106(10):2095–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. van de Velde CJ, Rea D, Seynaeve C, Putter H, Hasenburg A, Vannetzel JM, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen and exemestane in early breast cancer (TEAM): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9762):321–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000000971. Accessed 20 Apr 2016.

  102. Francini G, Petrioli R, Montagnani A, Cadirni A, Campagna S, Francini E, et al. Exemestane after tamoxifen as adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: effects on body composition and lipids. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(2):153–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBCSG (International Breast Cancer Study Group), Effingerstrasse 40, 3008, Berne, Switzerland

    Manuela Rabaglio MD & Monica Castiglione MD

Authors
  1. Manuela Rabaglio MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Monica Castiglione MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuela Rabaglio MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Medical School Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

    Lynda Wyld

  2. Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

    Christos Markopoulos

  3. Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Marjut Leidenius

  4. Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Gdańsk Medical University Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Gdańsk, Poland

    Elżbieta Senkus-Konefka

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rabaglio, M., Castiglione, M. (2018). Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy. In: Wyld, L., Markopoulos, C., Leidenius, M., Senkus-Konefka, E. (eds) Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56673-3_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56673-3_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56671-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56673-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation