Abstract
Many Venezuelan emigrants have an emotional connection and/or they have family members and friends in the country of origin, and that is why they seek to find reliable information on the conflict situation in Venezuela. Therefore, they keep in touch with family members, read mainstream news and use different social media platforms. Thus, what kind of impact the conflict has on the media use and how events reported in the media are interpreted is investigated in this study of Venezuelan diaspora in Finland by using social media ethnography. There are internal and external factors behind the media use. External factors come from societies of the host and origin countries. Internal factors rise from family connections and identity construction concerning personal national identity or political activism.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Aranda, E. M., Hughes, S., & Sabogal, E. (2014). Making a life in multiethnic Miami: Immigration and the rise of a global city. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Basch, L., Glick Schiller, N., & Szanston Blanc, C. (1994). Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorialized nation-states. Basel: Gordon and Breach.
Behrouzian, G., Nisbet, E. C., Dal, A., & Carkoglu, A. (2016). Resisting censorship. How citizens navigate closed media environments. International Journal of Communication, 10, 4345–4367.
Bisbal, M. (2009). La comunicacion… Un debate sobre la democracia. In M. Bisbal (Ed.), Hegemonia y control comunicacional (pp. 7–22). Caracas: Editorial Alfa.
Cohen, R. (2008). Global diasporas: An introduction. London: UCL Press.
Curran, J. (1993). Rethinking the media as a public sphere. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.), Communication and citizenship (pp. 27–58). London: Routledge.
Delgado-Flores, C. (2006). La gestió́n comunicacional en la administración Chávez: De la dominació́n mediá́tica al control estatal. Comunicació́n, 134, 10–14. Caracas: Centro Gumilla.
DeLuca, K. (1999). Articulation theory: A discursive grounding for rhetorical practice. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 32(4), 334–348.
Freedom House. Freedom of the press 2016. Available at https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2016. Accessed 22 Sept 2016.
Gilbert, E. & Karahalios, K. (2009). Predicting tie strength with social media. Paper presented to Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 4–9, Boston. http://social.cs.uiuc.edu/people/gilbert/pub/chi09-tie-gilbert.pdf.
Guerrero, M. A. (2014). The ‘captured liberal’ model of media systems in Latin America. In M. A. Guerrero & M. Márquez-Ramírez (Eds.), Media systems and communication policies in Latin America (pp. 43–65). New York: The Palgrave Macmillan.
Hall, S. (1986). On postmodernism and articulation: An interview with Stuart Hall. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 10, 45–60.
Hallin, D., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems. Three models of media and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hallin, D. C., & Papathanassopoulos, S. (2002). Political clientelism and the media: Southern Europe and Latin America in comparative perspective. Media, Culture and Society, 24, 175–195.
Hatakka, N. (2012). Journalismin perussuomalainen uudelleentulkinta sosiaalisessa mediassa. In V. Pernaa & E. Railo (Eds.), Jytky. Eduskuntavaalien 2011 mediajulkisuus (pp. 350–395). Turku: Kirja-Aurora.
Honeycutt, C., & Herring, S. (2009). Beyond microblogging: Conversation and collaboration via Twitter. In Proceedings of 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1–10).
Internet World Stats. Internet usage in the European Union. www.internetworldstats.com/stats9.htm. Accessed 24 Sept 2016.
Java, A., Song, X., Finin, T., & Tseng, B. (2009). Why we Twitter: An analysis of a microblogging community. In H. Zhang, M. Spiliopoulou, B. Mobasher, C. L. Giles, A. McCallum, O. Nasraoui, J. Srivastava, & J. Yen (Eds.), Advances in web mining and web usage analysis (pp. 118–138). Berlin: Springer.
Kurmanaev, A., & Russo, C. (2014). Venezuelan bonds slide after S&P lowered credit rating. Bloomberg. www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-16/venezuela-s-rating-cut-by-s-p-to-ccc-on-deteriorating-economy.html. Accessed 3 July 2016.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985/2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
Levitt, P. (2001). The transnational villagers. Berkley: University of California Press.
Loveless, M. (2008). Media dependency: Mass media as sources of information in the democratizing countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Democratization, 15(1), 162–183.
Madianou, M., & Miller, D. (2013). Polymedia: Towards a new theory of digital media in interpersonal communication. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 16(2), 169–187.
Mancini, P. (2012). Instrumentalization of the media vs. political parallelism. Chinese Journal of Communication, 5(3), 262–280.
Miller, D., Costa, E., Haynes, N., McDonald, T., Nicolescu, R., Sinanan, J., Spyer, J., Venkatraman, S., & Wang, X. (2016). How the world changed social media. London: UCL Press. Available at http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1474805/1/How-the-World-Changed-Social-Media.pdf.
Morley, D. (2000). Home territories: Media, mobility and identity. London: Routledge.
Mouffe, C. (2000). Democratic paradox. London: Verso.
Mouffe, C. (2013). Agonistics: Thinking the world politically. London: Verso.
Murphy, P. D., & Kraidy, M. M. (2003). Media ethnography: Local, global, or translocal? In P. D. Murphy & M. M. Kraidy (Eds.), Global media studies: Ethnographic perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Neuman, W. (2014, July 14). Sale of paper in Venezuela raises fear on freedom. New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/americas/sale-of-paper-in-venezuela-raises-fears-on-freedom.html?_r=0. Accessed 8 Aug 2014.
Oulasvirta, A., Lehtonen, E., Kurvinen, E., & Raento, M. (2010). Making the ordinary visible in microblogs. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 14(3), 237–249.
Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC). Venezuela 2015 Crime and Safety report. Available at http://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=17137. Accessed 1 March 2016.
Pink, S., Horst, H., Portill, J., Hjorths, L., Lewis, T., & Racchi, J. (2015). Ethnography in a digital world. In S. Pink, H. Horst, J. Portill, L. Hjorths, T. Lewis, & J. Racchi (Eds.), Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice (pp. 1–18). London: Sage.
Pons, C. (2014). Crime hobbles Venezuela’s economy. Businessweek. Available at http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-30/venezuelas-high-crime-rate-hobbles-economy. Accessed 3 July 2016.
Postill, J., & Pink, S. (2012). Social media ethnography: The digital research in a messy web. Media International Australia, 145, 123–134.
Quiñones, R. (2012). Situación para 2011. Medios y política en Venezuela. Comunicación, 158, 28–35. Caracas: Centro Gumilla.
Quintanilla Muñoz, L. (2015, October 12). Venezuela vive un dramático proceso migratorio. Available at https://dolartoday.com/venezuela-viveun-dramatico-proceso-migratorio-en-15-anos-se-han-marchado-1-6-millones-de-venezolanos/. Accessed 20 Aug 2016.
Reporters without Borders. Venezuela. Available at https://rsf.org/en/venezuela. Accessed 22 Sept 2016.
Salojärvi, V. (2016). The media in the core of political conflict: Venezuela during the last years of Hugo Chávez’s Presidency. Doctoral Dissertation, Publications of the Faculty of Social Sciences 2016: 23. University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
Samet, R. (2013). The photographer’s body: Populism polarization, and the uses of victimhood in Venezuela. American Ethnologist, 40(3), 525–539.
Shumow, Moses. (2010). Transnationalism and media use among venezuelan immigrants in South Florida. International Journal of Communication, 4, 377–397.
Siapera, E. (2010). Cultural diversity and global media: The mediation of difference. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Tilastokeskus (Statistics Finland). Database. http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/047_vaerak_tau_202_fi.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=46a555113b3c-4e28-ba96-217b60202143. Accessed 18 Apr 2016.
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Migration. Available at http://www.unfpa.org/migration. Accessed 20 Aug 2016.
Voltmer, K. (2013). The media in transitional democracies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Weisbrot, M., & Ruttenberg, T. (2010, October 14). Television in Venezuela: Who dominates the media? Venezuela Analysis. http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/5860. Accessed 9 Oct 2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Salojärvi, V. (2017). The Media Use of Diaspora in a Conflict Situation: A Case Study of Venezuelans in Finland. In: Ogunyemi, O. (eds) Media, Diaspora and Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56642-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56642-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56641-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56642-9
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)