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The Impact of Stellar Migration on Disk Outskirts

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Outskirts of Galaxies

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 434))

Abstract

Stellar migration, whether due to trapping by transient spirals (churning), or to scattering by non-axisymmetric perturbations, has been proposed to explain the presence of stars in outer disks. After a review of the basic theory, we present compelling, but not yet conclusive, evidence that churning has been important in the outer disks of galaxies with Type II (down-bending) profiles, while scattering has produced the outer disks of Type III (up-bending) galaxies. In contrast, field galaxies with Type I (pure exponential) profiles appear to not have experienced substantial migration. We conclude by suggesting work that would improve our understanding of the origin of outer disks.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Bulges at the centres of galaxies contribute additional light above an exponential.

  2. 2.

    This also poses a challenge for simulations studying the evolution of disk outskirts, which need to minimize noise; for instance initial conditions that are even slightly out of equilibrium can significantly alter the profile at large radii. The most widely used technique for producing initial conditions for simulations assumes Gaussian velocity distributions, which is only an approximate equilibrium. Kazantzidis et al. (2004) presented a spectacular example of how this approximation leads to dramatically wrong conclusions in the case of satellite galaxy disruption. The freely available GalactICS initial conditions code (Kuijken and Dubinski 1995; Widrow and Dubinski 2005; Widrow et al. 2008) instead uses the correct distribution function method for setting up galaxies. Likewise, the Galaxy package (Sellwood 2014) includes software for setting up disk galaxies in proper equilibrium.

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Acknowledgements

VPD is supported by the STFC Consolidated Grant #ST/M000877/1. We thank Kathryne Daniel for providing us with the unpublished Fig. 3.4. Discussions with Peter Erwin have been especially enlightening. VPD thanks the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie for hosting him during which time this review was started.

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  1. Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK

    Victor P. Debattista

  2. Research Informatics, Scientific IT Services, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 11, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Rok Roškar

  3. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Sarah R. Loebman

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  1. Inst de Astrofísica de Canarias, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain

    Johan H. Knapen

  2. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA

    Janice C. Lee

  3. Dept. Astrofisica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Armando Gil de Paz

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Debattista, V.P., Roškar, R., Loebman, S.R. (2017). The Impact of Stellar Migration on Disk Outskirts. In: Knapen, J., Lee, J., Gil de Paz, A. (eds) Outskirts of Galaxies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 434. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56570-5_3

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