Environmental Penal Control in Venezuela: Amazonia and the Orinoco Mining Arc

Abstract

An assessment of the ability of civil society, the media, and other forms of vertical accountability to enforce environmental law is the focus of this chapter. Although Venezuela has one of the world’s strongest sets of legal protections, enforcement is undermined by the country’s political strife and economic crisis. The potential for local groups, independent organizations, and community efforts to make up for these problems is also examined.

Translated by Mark Ungar.