Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nanostructured Cadmium Sulfide CdS

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nanostructured Lead, Cadmium, and Silver Sulfides

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 256))

Abstract

Cadmium sulfide CdS is a single compound existing in the Pb–S system (Fig. 3.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sharma, R.C., Chang, Y.A.: Cd-S (Cadmium-Sulfur). In: Massalski, T.B., Okamoto, H., Subramanian, P.R., Kacprzak, L. (eds.) Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 2, 3rd edn, pp. 1020–1021. ASM International Publications, Materials Park, Ohio, (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Woodbury, H.H.: Measurement of the Cd-CdS liquidus. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24(7), 881–884 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrikosov, N.Kh., Bankina, V.F., Poretskaya, L.V., Skudnova, E.V., Chizhevskaya, S.N.: Semiconducting Chalcogenides and Their Alloys, 220 pp. Nauka, Moscow (1975) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Klobukow, N.V.: Beitraege zur Kenntniss der auf nassem Wege entstehenden Modificationen des Cadmiumsulfides. Ztschr. praktische Chemie. Bd.39. No 2. S.413–421 (1889)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ulrich, F., Zachariasen, W.: Über die Kristallstruktur des α- und β-CdS sowie des Wurtzits. Ztschr. Kristallogr. Mineralog. Bd.A62. S.270–273 (1925)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wyckoff, R.W.G.: Crystal Structures, 2nd edn. Interscience Publications, New York (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Traill, R.J., Boyle, R.W.: Hawleyite, isometric cadmium sulphide, a new mineral. Am. Mineralogist. 40(7–8), 555–559 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Razik, N.A.: Use of a standard reference material for precise lattice parameter determination of materials of hexagonal crystal structure. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6, 1443–1444 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Andrushko, A.F.: Defects of packing in crystals of powders of cadmium sulfide. Fiz. Tverf. Tela. 4(3), 582–586 (1962) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zelaya-Angel, O., de Castillo-Alvarado, L.F., Avendaño-López, J., Escamilla-Esquivel, A., Contreras-Puente, G., Lozada-Morales, R.: Raman studies in CdS thin films in the evolution from cubic to hexagonal phase. Solid State Commun. 104(3), 161–166 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gibson, P.N., Oezsan, M.E., Lincot, D., Cowache, P., Summa, D.: Modelling of the structure of CdS thin films. Thin Solid Films 361–362, 34–40 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Su, B., Wei, M., Choy, K.L.: Microstructure of nanocrystalline CdS powders and thin films by Electrostatic Assisted Aerosol Jet Decomposition/Deposition method. Mater. Lett. 47(1), 83–88 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Senthil, K., Mangalaraj, D., Narayandass, S.K., Kesavamoorthy, R., Reddy, G.L.N., Sundaravel, B.: Investigations on nitrogen ion implantation effects in vacuum evaporated CdS thin films using Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction studies. Phys. B 304, 175–180 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang, J., Sun, L., Liao, S., Yan, C.: Size control and photoluminescence enhancement of CdS nanoparticles prepared via reverse micelle method. Solid State Commun. 124(1–2), 45–48 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Metin, H., Esen, R.: Annealing studies on CBD grown CdS thin films. J. Cryst. Growth 258(1–2), 141–148 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Conde, O., Rolo, A.G., Gomes, M.J.M., Riccoleau, C., Barber, D.J.: HRTEM and GIXRD studies of CdS nanocrystals embedded in Al2O3 films produced by magnetron RF-sputtering. J. Cryst. Growth 247, 371–380 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. El Maliki, H., Berne’de, J.C., Marsillac, S., Pinel, J., Castel, X., Pouzet, J.: Study of the influence of annealing on the properties of CBD-CdS thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 205(1), 65–79 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rusu, M., Rumberg, A., Schuler, S., Nishiwaki, S., Wurz, R., Babu, S.M., Dziedzina, M., Kelch, C., Siebentritt, S., Klenk, R., Schedel-Niedrig, Th, Lux-Steiner, MCh.: Optimisation of the CBD CdS deposition parameters for ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2/Mo solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64, 1849–1853 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang, W., Liu, Z., Zheng, C., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, G.: Synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by a novel and simple one-step, solid-state reaction in the presence of a nonionic surfactant. Mater. Lett. 57(18), 2755–2760 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pan, D., Jiang, S., An, L., Jiang, B.: Controllable synthesis of highly luminescent and monodisperse CdS nanocrystals by a two-phase approach under mild conditions. Adv. Mater. 16(12), 982–985 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rempel, A.A., Kozhevnikova, N.S., Van den Berghe, S., Van Renterghem, W.: Self-organization of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the macroscopic scale. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 242(7), R61–R63 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu, G.S., Yuan, X.Y., Xie, T., Xu, G.C., Zhang, L.D., Zhuang, Y.L.: A simple synthesis route to CdS nanomaterials with different morphologies by sonochemical reduction. Mater. Lett. 58(5), 794–797 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chen, C., Zhu, C., Hao, L., Hu, Y., Chen, Z.: Preparation and characterization of the CdS/PSA core-shell “egg”. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 7, 322–326 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Li, C., Yang, X., Yang, B., Yan, Y., Qian, Y.: Growth of microtubular complexes as precursors to synthesize nanocrystalline ZnS and CdS. J. Cryst. Growth 291(1), 45–51 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pässler, R.: Alternative analytical descriptions of the temperature dependence of the energy gap in cadmium sulfide. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 193(1), 135–144 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Thomas, D.G., Hopfield, J.J.: Exciton spectrum of cadmium sulfide. Phys. Rev. 116(3), 573–582 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. À la Guillaume, C.B., Debever, J.-M., Salvan, F.: Radiative recombination in highly excited CdS. Phys. Rev. 177(2), 567–579 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Anedda, A., Fortin, E.: Temperature shift of excitons in CdS. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 36(1), 385–389 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Seiler, D.G., Heiman, D., Fejgenblatt, R., Aggarwal, R.L., Lax, B.: Two-photon magnetospectroscopy of A-exciton states in CdS. Phys. Rev. B. 25(12), 7666–7677 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Brus, L.E.: Electron-electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductors crystallites: The size dependence of the lowest excited electronic state. J. Chem. Phys. 84(9), 4403–4409 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ekimov, A.I., Onushchenko, A.A.: Size quantization on electron energy spectrum in microscopic semiconductor crystals. 40(8), 337–340 (1984) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: JETP Lett. 40(8), 1136–1139 (1984))

    Google Scholar 

  32. Berger, L.I.: Semiconductor Materials, p. 472. CRC Press, New York (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kobiakov, I.B.: Elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ZnO and CdS single crystals in a wide range of temperatures. Solid State Commun. 35(3), 305–310 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ninomiya, S., Adachi, S.: Optical properties of wurtzite CdS. J. Appl. Phys. 78(2), 1183–1190 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Badalyan, A.M., Belyi, V.I., Gel’fond, N.V., Igumenov, I.K., Kosinova, M.L., Morozova, N.B., Rastorguev, A.A., Rumyantsev, Yu.M., Smirnova, T.P., Fainer, N.I., Yakovkina, L.V.: Chemical composition and structure of thin films produced by chemical vapor deposition. Zh. Strukt. Khim. 43(4), 605–628 (2002) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: J. Struct. Chem. 43(4), 556–580) (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kozhevnikova, N.S., Vorokh, A.S., Uritskaya, A.A.: Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles prepared by chemical bath deposition. Russ. Chem. Rev. 84(3), 225–250 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chopra, K.L., Das, S.R.: Thin Film Solar Cells, 607 pp. Plenum Press, New York (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hodes, G.: Semiconductor and ceramic nanoparticle films deposited by chemical bath deposition. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(18), 2181–2196 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Pawar, S.M., Pawar, B.S., Kim, J.H., Joo, O.-S., Lokhande, C.D.: Recent status of chemical bath deposited metal chalcogenide and metal oxide thin films. Curr. Appl. Phys. 11(2), 117–161 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kuznetsova, Yu.V., Rempel, A.A.: Size and zeta potential of CdS nanoparticles in stable aqueous solution of EDTA and NaCl. Neorgan. Mater. 51(3), 262–266 (2015) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Inorg. Mater. 51(3), 213–219) (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kozhevnikova, N.S., Vorokh, A.S., Rempel, A.A.: Preparation of stable colloidal solution of cadmium sulfide CdS using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Zh. Obsh, Khimii. 80(3), 365–368 (2010) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 80(3), 391–394 (2010))

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kozhevnikova, N.S., Demin, A.M., Krasnov, V.P., Rempel, A.A. The use of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane for stabilization of luminescent cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 452(1), 47–51 (2013) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Dokl. Chem. 452(1), 215–219 (2013))

    Google Scholar 

  43. Rempel, A.A., Kozhevnikova, N.S., Rempel, S.V. Structure of cadmium sulfide nanoparticle micelle in aqueous solutions. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khimicheskaya. (2), 400–404 (2013) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. Chem. Bull. Int. Ed. 62(2), 398–402 (2013))

    Google Scholar 

  44. Murray, C.B., Norris, D.J., Bawendi, M.G.: Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J. Am Chem. Soc. 115(19), 8706–8715 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kim, S., Bawendi, M.G.: Oligomeric ligands for luminescent and stable nanocrystal quantum dots. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(48), 14652–14653 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ma, L., Wu, S.-M., Huang, J., Ding, Y., Pang, D.-W., Li, L.: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on maize metaphase chromosomes with quantum dot-labeled DNA conjugates. Chromosoma 117(2), 181–187 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Gerion, D., Pinaud, F., Williams, S.C., Parak, W.J., Zanchet, D., Weiss, S., Alivisatos, A.P.: Synthesis and properties of biocompatible water-soluble silica-coated CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105(37), 8861–8871 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Gao, X., Cui, Y., Levenson, R.M., Chung, L.W.K., Nie, S.: In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat. Biotechnol. 22(8), 969–976 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Chu, Y.-C., Wang, C.-C., Chen, C.-Y.: Synthesis of luminescent and rodlike CdS nanocrystals dispersed in polymer templates. Nanotechnology 16(1), 58–64 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Liu, S.H., Qian, X.F., Yin, J., Ma, X.D., Yuan, J.Y., Zhu, Z.K.: Preparation and characterization of polymer-capped CdS nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64(3), 455–458 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L.H., Ploehn, H.J., Murphy, C.J.: A blue-emitting CdS/dendrimer nanocomposite. Adv. Mater. 10(14), 1083–1087 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Barglik-Chory, C., Buchold, D., Schmitt, M., Kiefer, W., Heske, C., Kumpf, C., Fuchs, O., Weinhardt, L., Stahl, A., Umbach, E., Lentze, M., Geurts, J., Mueller, G.: Synthesis, structure and spectroscopic characterization of water-soluble CdS nanoparticles. Chem. Phys. Lett. 379(5–6), 443–451 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Spoerke, E.D., Voigt, J.A.: Influence of engineered peptides cadmium sulfide nanocrystals. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(13), 2031–2037 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Zou, L., Fang, Z., Gu, Z., Zhong, X.: Aqueous phase synthesis of biostabilizer capped CdS nanocrystals with bright emission. J. Lumin. 129(5), 536–540 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Zhuang, Z., Lu, X., Peng, O., Li, Y.: Direct synthesis of water-soluble ultrathin CdS nanorods and reversible tuning of the solubility by alkalinity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(6), 1819–1821 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Gabellieri, E., Cioni, P., Balestreri, E., Morelli, E.: Protein structural changes induced by glutathione-coated CdS quantum dots as revealed by Trp phosphorescence. Eur. Biophys. J. 40(11), 1237–1245 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Nelwamondo, S.M.M., Moloto, M.J., Krause, R.W., Moloto, N.: Direct synthesis of water soluble CuS and CdS nanocrystals with hydrophilic glucuronic and thioglycolic acids. Mater. Res. Bull. 47(12), 4392–4397 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Huang, P., Jiang, Q., Yu, P., Yang, L., Mao, L.: Alkaline post-treatment of Cd(II)–glutathione coordination polymers: toward green synthesis of water-soluble and cytocompatible CdS quantum dots with tunable optical properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5(11), 5239–5246 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Rempel, A.A.: Nanotechnologies. Properties and applications of nanostructured materials. Russ. Chem. Rev. 76(5), 435–461 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Vollath, D.: Nanomaterials: an Introduction to Synthesis, Properties and Applications, 2nd edn, 386 pp. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Uritskaya, A.A., Kitaev, G.A., Belova, N.S.: Kinetics of cadmium sulfide precipitation from aqueous thiourea solutions. Zh. prikl. Khimii. 75(5), 864–865 (2002) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 75(5), 846–848 (2002))

    Google Scholar 

  62. Belova, N.S., Uritskaya, A.A., Kitaev, G.A.: Kinetics of lead sulfide precipitation from citrate solutions of thiourea. Zh. prikl. Khimii. 75(10), 1598–1601 (2002) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 75(10), 1562–1565 (2002))

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kozhevnikova, N.S., Uritskaya, A.A., Rempel, A.A.: Dependence of the size of nanoparticles of lead sulfide PbS on the chemical affinity of its formation reaction. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 453(2), 167–171 (2013) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Dokl. Phys. Chem. 453(1), 270–273 (2013))

    Google Scholar 

  64. Vorokh, A.S., Kozhevnikova, N.S.: A Cd(OH)2-CdS heteronanostructure of the core-shell type. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 419(1), 58–64 (2008) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Dokl. Phys. Chem. 419(1), 41–46 (2008))

    Google Scholar 

  65. Sugimoto, T., Dirige, G.E., Muramatsu, A.: Synthesis of uniform CdS particles from condensed Cd(OH)2 Suspension. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 173(1), 257–259 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Sugimoto, T., Dirige, G.E., Muramatsu, A.: Formation mechanism of uniform CdS particles from condensed Cd(OH)2 suspension. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 176(2), 442–453 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Sugimoto, T., Dirige, G.E., Muramatsu, A.: Formation mechanism of monodisperse CdS particles from concentrated solutions of Cd–EDTA complexes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 182(2), 444–456 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. O’Brien, P., McAleese, J.: Developing an understanding of the processes controlling the chemical bath deposition of ZnS and CdS. J. Mater. Chem. 8(11), 2309–2314 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Hodes, G.: Chemical Solution Deposition of Semiconductor Films, 377 pp. Dekker, New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Katysheva, A.S., Markov, V.F., Maskaeva, L.N.: Mechanism of PbSe y S1−y film formation in chemical deposition from aqueous solutions. Zh. Neorg. Khim. 58(7), 940–945 (2013) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 58(7), 833–838 (2013))

    Google Scholar 

  71. Markov, V.F., Maskaeva, L.N., Ivanov, P.N.: Hydrochemical Synthesis of Metal Sulfide Films: Modeling and Experiment, 217 pp. Publications of the Ural Division of the RAS, Ekaterinburg (2006) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kozhevnikova, N.S, Uritskaya, A.A., Vorokh, A.S., Rempel, A.A.: Ionic equilibria in alkaline aqueous solutions of metal complex salts. Zh. Obsh. Khim. 78(4), 568–574 (2008) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 78(4), 551–556 (2008))

    Google Scholar 

  73. Bär, M., Weinhardt, L., Heske, C., Muffler, H.-J., Umbach, E., Lux-Steiner, M.C., Niesen, T.P., Karg, F., Fischer, C.-H.: Chemical insights into the Cd2+/NH3 treatment: An approach to explain the formation of Cd-compounds on Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 absorbers. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells. 90(18–19), 3151–3157 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Uritskaya, A.A., Bol’shchikova, T.P., Kozhevnikova, N.S.: Kinetic relationships of the formation of antimony sulfide. Zh. Obsh. Khim. 77(5), 717–720 (2007) (in Russian). (Engl. Transl.: Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 77(5), 818–821 (2007))

    Google Scholar 

  75. Dona, J.M., Herrero, J.: Chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films: an approach to the chemical mechanism through study of the film microstructure. J. Electrochem. Soc. 144(11), 4081–4091 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Ortega-Borges, R., Lincot, D.: Mechanism of chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide thin films in the ammonia-thiourea system: In situ kinetic study and modelization. J. Electrochem. Soc. 140(12), 3464–3473 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Froment, M., Lincot, D.: Phase formation processes in solution at the atomic level: metal chalcogenide semiconductors. Electrochim. Acta 40(10), 1293–1303 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Vorokh, A.S., Kozhevnikova, N.S., Rempel, A.A., Magerl, A.: Formation of cadmium sulfide CdS nanofilm on a Cd(OH)2/SiO2 precursor layer. Zh. strukt. Khim. 51(6), 1206–1210 (2010) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: J. Struct. Chem. 51(6), 1170–1175 (2010))

    Google Scholar 

  79. Kozhevnikova, N.S., Rempel, A.A., Hergert, F., Magerl, A.: Structural study of the initial growth of nanocrystalline CdS thin films in a chemical bath. Thin Solid Films 517(8), 2586–2589 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Potter, B.G., Simmons, J.H.: Quantum size effects in optical properties of CdS-glass composites. Phys. Rev. B. 37(18), 10838–10847 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Hayes, T.M., Lurio, L.B., Persans, P.D.: Growth and dissolution of CdS nanoparticles in glass. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13(3), 425–431 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Kumar, J., Verma, A., Pandey, P.K., Bhatnagar, P.K., Mathur, P.C., Liu, W., Tang, S.H.: Study of optical absorption and photoluminescence of quantum dots of CdS formed in borosilicate glass matrix. Phys. Scr. 79(6), 065601–065604 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Dey, C., Molla, A.R., Goswami, M., Kothiyal, G.P., Karmakar, S.: Synthesis and optical properties of multifunctional CdS nanostructured dielectric nanocomposites. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31(8), 1761–1770 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Kuznetsova, Yu.V., Rempel, A.A.: Synthesis of cadmium sulfide CdS nanoparticles in a silicate glass matrix. Neorg. Mater. 51(9), 1013–1018 (2016) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Inorg. Mater. 51(9), 933–938 (2015))

    Google Scholar 

  85. Popov, I.D., Kuznetsova, Yu.V., Vlasova, S.G., Rempel, S.V., Rempel, A.A.: Synthesis and optical properties of glass with cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. Fiz. Khim. Stekla. 42(1), 58–63 (2016) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Glass Phys. Chem. 42(1), 38–42 (2016))

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kuznetsova, Yu.V., Putyrskii, D.S., Rempel, S.V., Tyurnina, N.G., Tyurnina, Z.G., Rempel, A.A.: Formation of CdS nanoparticles in the matrix of silicate glass and its optical properties. Fiz. Khim. Stekla. 42(3), 351–359 (2016) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Glass Phys. Chem. 42(3), 251–256 (2016))

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kuznetsova, YuV, Rempel, A.A., Meyer, M., Pipich, V., Gerth, S., Magerl, A.: Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering on cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in silicate glass. J. Cryst. Growth 447, 13–17 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Liu, L.-C., Risbud, S.H.: Quantum-dot slze-distrlbution analysis and precipitation stages in semiconductor doped glasses. J. Appl. Phys. 68(1), 28–32 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Simonova, N.B., Tuzikov, F.V., Khramov, R.N., Tuzikova, N.A., Tuzikov, M.F., Vakshtein, M.S.: Study of CdSe/CdS quantum dots in solutions and gels by small-angle X-ray scattering. Poverkhnost (2), 27–34 (2011) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: J. Surf. Invest. X-ray, Synchr. Neutr. Techn. 5(1), 126–133 (2011))

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mei, G., Carpenter, S., Felton, L.E., Persans, P.D.: Size effects on optical transition energies in CdS x Sel−x semiconductor nanocrystal glass composites. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9(8), 1394–1400 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Naik, S.D., Apte, S.K., Sonawane, R.S.: Nanostructured CdS/CdSSe glass composite for photonic application. J. Phys. 65(4), 707–712 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Sonawane, R.S., Naik, S.D., Apte, S.K.: CdS/CdSSe quantum dots in glass matrix. Bull. Mater. Sci. 3(3), 495–499 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Ushakov, V.V., Aronin, A.S., Karavanskiĭ, V.A., Gippius, A.A.: Formation and optical properties of CdSSe semiconductor nanocrystals in the silicate glass matrix. Fiz. Tverd. Tela. 51(10), 2036–2040 (2009) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Phys. Solid State. 51(10), 2161–2165 (2009))

    Google Scholar 

  94. Efros, Al.L., Efros, A.L.: Interband absorption of light in a semiconductor sphere. Fiz. Tekhn. Poluprovodn. 16(7), 1209–1214 (1982) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Sov. Phys. Semiconductors. 16(7), 772–775 (1982))

    Google Scholar 

  95. Borland Delphi Enterprise.: Version 7.0 Copyright © 1983–2002 Borland Software Corporation

    Google Scholar 

  96. Guinier, A., Fournet, G.: Small-Angle Scattering of X-Rays, p. 268. Wiley, New York (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  97. Feigin, L.A., Svergun, D.I.: Structure Analysis by Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering, p. 335. Plenum Press, New York - London (1987)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  98. Ilavsky, J., Jemian, P.R.: Irena: tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering. J. Appl. Cryst. 42(2), 347–353 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Le Parc, R., Champagnon, B., Levelut, C., Martinez, V., David, L., Faivre, A., Flammer, I., Hazemann, J.L., Simon, J.P.: Density and concentration fluctuations in SiO2-GeO2 optical fiber glass investigated by small angle x-ray scattering. J. Appl. Phys. 103(9), Paper 094917, 8 pp (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Rempel, A.A., Magerl, A.: Non-periodicity in nanoparticles with close-packed structures. Acta Crystallogr. A A66(4), 479–483 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Vorokh, A.S., Rempel, A.A.: Atomic structure of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. Fiz. tverd. Tela. 49(1), 143–148 (2007) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Phys. Solid State. 49(1), 148–153 (2007))

    Google Scholar 

  102. Vorokh, A.S., Rempel, A.A.: Disordered structure and the shape of nanoparticles of cadmium sulfide CdS. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 413(6), 743–746 (2007) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Dokl. Physics. 52(4), 200–203 (2007))

    Google Scholar 

  103. Vorokh, A.S., Kozhevnikova, N.S., Rempel, A.A.: Transition of the CdS disordered structure to the wurtzite structure with an increase in the nanoparticle size. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Seriya fizich. 72(10), 1472–1475 (2008) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci.: Physics. 72(10), 1395–1398 (2008))

    Google Scholar 

  104. Kepleri, J.: Strena seu De nive sexangula. Sacs. Caes. Majest. Mathematici, 24 pp. G. Tambach, Francofurti-Ad-Moenum (1611)

    Google Scholar 

  105. Hales, T.C.: A proof of the Kepler conjecture. Ann. Mathem. 162(3), 1065–1185 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Lagarias, J.C.: Bounds for local density of sphere packings and the Kepler conjecture. Discrete Comput. Geom. 27(2), 165–193 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Hall, B.D., Zanchet, D., Ugarte, D.: Estimating nanoparticle size from diffraction measurements. J. Appl. Cryst. 33(6), 1335–1341 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Gusev, A.I.: Nanomaterials, Nanostructures, Nanotechnologies, 3rd edn, 416 pp. Nauka, Moscow (2007) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  109. Hoare, M.R., Pal, P.: Physical cluster mechanics. Statics and energy surfaces for monatomic systems. Adv. Phys. 20(84), 161–196 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Hoare, M.R., Pal, P.: Physical cluster mechanics. Statistical thermodynamics and nucleation theory for monatomic systems. Adv. Phys. 24(5), 645–678 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Schaffer, P.T.B.: A review of the structure of silicon carbide. Acta Crystallogr. B B25(3), 477–488 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Gusev, A.I.: Phase equilibria in M-X-X’ and M-Al-X ternary systems (M - transition metal; X, X’ = B, C, N, Si) and crystal chemistry of related ternary compounds. Usp. Khim. 65(5), 407–451 (1996) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Russ. Chem. Rev. 65(5), 379–419 (1996))

    Google Scholar 

  113. Mackay, A.L.: A dense non-crystallographic packing of equal spheres. Acta Crystallogr. 15(9), 916–918 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. International Tables for X-ray Crystallography. Vol. A. Space group symmetry. In: Hahn, T. (ed.). 4th revised edn, 878 pp. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Vorokh, A.S., Kozhevnikova, N.S., Rempel, A.A., Magerl, J.: Disordering in cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. In: Borisenko, V.E., Gaponenko, S.V., Gurin V.S. (Eds.) Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures/Proceedings of International Conference on Nanomeeting-2007 (22–25 May 2007, Minsk, Belarus), pp. 312–315. World Scientific Publishing Company, New Jersey (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  116. Rempel, A.A., Vorokh, A.S., Neder, R., Magerl, A.: Disordered structure of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles. Poverkhn. (11), 8–11 (2011) (in Russian). (Engl. Transl.: J. Surf. Invest. X-ray, Synchr. Neutron Techn. 5(6), 1028–1031 (2011))

    Google Scholar 

  117. Proffen, Th, Neder, R.B.: DISCUS: a program for diffuse scattering and defect-structure simulation. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 30(2), 171–175 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Neder, R.B., Proffen, Th.: DISCUS 3.4 Users Guide, 108 pp. (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  119. Debye, P.: Zerstreuung von Roentgenstrahlen. Annalen der Physik B B46(1), 809–823 (1915)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Junkermeier, C.E., Lewis, J.P., Bryant, G.W.: Amorphous nature of small CdS nanoparticles: molecular dynamics simulations. Phys. Rev. B 79(12), 125323–125328 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Vorokh, A.S., Rempel, A.A.: Direct-space visualization of the short and “average” long-range orders in the noncrystalline structure of a single cadmium sulfide nanoparticle. Pis’ma ZhETP. 91(2), 106–111 (2010) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: JETP Lett. 91(2), 100–104 (2010))

    Google Scholar 

  122. Kovalev, O.V.: Representations of the Crystallographic Space Groups: Irreducible Representations, Induced Representations and Corepresentation, 2nd edn, p. 390. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, Yverdon (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  123. Gusev, A.I., Rempel, A.A., Magerl, A.J.: Disorder and Order in Strongly Nonstoichiometric Compounds: Transition Metal Carbides, Nitrides and Oxides, p. 607. Springer, Berlin (2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  124. Gusev, A.I.: Nonstoichiometry, Disorder, Short-Range and Long-Range Order in Solids, 856 pp. Nauka-Fizmatlit, Moscow (2007) (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Pauling, L.: The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry, 3rd edn, 644 pp. Cornell University Press, Ithaca (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  126. Vainstein, B.K., Fridkin, V.M., Indenbom, V.L.: Modern Crystallography 2: Structure of Crystals (Modern Crystallography, Vol. 2), 3rd edn, Chapter 1, pp. 97–127. Springer, Berlin (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  127. Cowley, J.M.: Diffraction Physics, 3rd revised edn, 481 pp. North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  128. Gusev, A.I.: Short-range order and diffuse scattering in nonstoichiometric compounds. Usp. Fiz. Nauk. 176(7), 717–743 (2006) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Phys. Uspekhi. 49(7), 693–718 (2006))

    Google Scholar 

  129. Xu, R., Wang, Y., Jia, G., Xu, W., Liang, S., Yin, D.: Zinc blende and wurtzite cadmium sulfide nanocrystals with strong photoluminescence and ultrastability. J. Cryst. Growth 299(1), 28–33 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Wang, G.Z., Wang, Y.W., Chen, W., Liang, C.H., Li, G.H., Zhang, L.D.: A facile synthesis route to CdS nanocrystals at room temperature. Mater. Lett. 48(6), 269–272 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Zhang, Y.C., Wang, G.Y., Hu, X.Y.: Solvothermal synthesis of hexagonal CdS nanostructures from a single-source molecular precursor. J. Alloys Comp. 437(1–2), 47–52 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Wu, X.C., Tao, Y.R.: Growth of CdS nanowires by physical vapor deposition. J. Cryst. Growth 242(3–4), 309–312 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Oliva, A.I., Castro-Rodrıguez, R., Ceh, O., Bartolo-Perez, P., Caballero-Briones, F., Sosa, V.: First stages of growth of CdS films on different substrates. Appl. Surf. Sci. 148(1–2), 42–49 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Li, Z., Du, Y., Zhang, Z., Pang, D.: Preparation and characterization of CdS quantum dots chitosan biocomposite. React. Funct. Polym. 55(1), 35–43 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Ramaiah, K.S., Pilkington, R.D., Hill, A.E., Tomlinson, R.D., Bhatnagar, A.K.: Structural and optical investigations on CdS thin films grown by chemical bath technique. Mater. Chem. Phys. 68(1–3), 22–30 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Yoshida, T., Yamaguchi, K., Kazitani, T., Sugiura, T., Minoura, H.: Atom-by-atom growth of cadmium sulfide thin films by electroreduction of aqueous Cd2+–SCN− complex. J. Electroanal. Chem. 473(1–2), 209–216 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Fainer, N.I., Rumyantsev, YuM, Kosinova, M.L., Zemskova, S.M., Maximovskiy, E.A., Yurjev, G.S., Sivykh, G.F.: The structure study of thin cadmium and copper sulphide films by diffraction of synchrotron radiation. Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 448(1–2), 290–293 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. Gusev, A.I., Rempel, A.A.: Nanocrysnalline Materials, 351 pp. Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  139. Banerjee, R., Jayakrishnan, R., Ayyub, P.: Effect of the size-induced structural transformation on the band gap in CdS nanoparticles. J. Phys. Condens. Matt 12(50), 10647–10654 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Sapra, S., Sarma, D.D.: Evolution of the electronic structure with size in II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals. Phys. Rev. B. 69(12), 125304–125307 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Nazzal, A., Fu, H.: Comparative theoretical study of the size dependent electronic and optical properties in CdS and CdSe spherical nanocrystals. J. Comp. Theor. Nanosci. 6(6), 1277–1289 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Lüning, J., Rockenberger, J., Eisebitt, S., Rubenssona, J.-E., Karl, A., Kornowski, A., Weller, H., Eberhardt, W.: Soft X-ray spectroscopy of single sized CdS nanocrystals: size confinement and electronic structure. Solid State Commun. 112(1), 5–9 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. Schooß, D., Mews, A., Eychmüller, A., Weller, H.: Quantum-dot quantum well CdS/HgS/CdS: theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. B 49(24), 17072–17078 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Lippens, P.E., Lannoo, M.: Calculation of the band gap for small CdS and ZnS crystallites. Phys. Rev. B 39(15), 10935–10942 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Pinna, N., Weiss, K., Urban, J., Pileni, M.P.: Triangular CdS nanocrystals: structural and optical studies. Adv. Mater. 13(4), 261–264 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Rami, M., Benamar, E., Fahoume, M., Chraibi, F., Ennaoui, A.: Effect of the cadmium ion source on the structural and optical properties of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films. Solid State Sci. 1(4), 179–188 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Klochikhin, A.A., Permogorov, S.A., Reznitskii, A.N.: Exciton luminescence from fluctuation-induced tails in the density of states of disordered solid solutions. Fiz. Tved. Tela. 39(7), 1170–1182 (1997) (in Russian). (Engl. Transl.: Phys. Solid State 39(7), 1035–1046 (1997))

    Google Scholar 

  148. Kumar, P., Saxena, N., Singh, F., Agarwal, A.: Nanotwinning in CdS quantum dots. Phys. B 407(17), 3347–3351 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Majumder, M., Chakraborty, A.K., Mallik, B.: Photoluminescence studies on nanostructured cadmium sulfide thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition method and annealed at different temperatures. J. Lumin. 130(8), 1497–1503 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Wang, Y.R., Duke, C.B.: Cleavage faces of wurtzite CdS and CdSe: surface relaxation and electronic structure. Phys. Rev. B. 37(11), 6417–6424 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Gorer, S., Ganske, J.A., Hemminger, J.C., Penner, R.M.: Size-selective and epitaxial electrochemical/chemical synthesis of sulfur-passivated cadmium sulfide nanocrystals on graphite. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120(37), 9584–9593 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Katsaba, A.V., Ambrozevich, S.A., Vitukhnovsky, A.G., Fedyanin, V.V., Lobanov, A.N., Krivobok, V.S., Vasiliev, R.B., Samatov, G.: Surface states effect on photoluminescence of CdS colloidal nanocrystals. J. Appl. Phys. 113(18), Paper 184306, 6 pp. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  153. Bagaev, E.A., Zhuravlev, K.S., Sveshnikova, L.L., Badmaeva, I.A., Repinskii, S.M., Voelskow, M.: Photoluminescence from cadmium sulfide nanoclusters formed in the matrix of a Langmuir-Blodgett film. Fiz. Tekhn. Poluprovodnikov. 37(11), 1358–1362 (2003) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Semiconductors. 37(11), 3121–1325 (2003))

    Google Scholar 

  154. Cragg, G.E., Efros, Al.L: Suppression of Auger processes in confined structures. Nano Lett. 10(1), 313–317 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Cohn, A.W., Schimpf, A.M., Gunthardt, C.E., Gamelin, D.R.: Size-dependent trap-assisted Auger recombination in semiconductor nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 13(4), 1810–1815 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. Javaux, C., Mahler, B., Dubertret, B., Shabaev, A., Rodina, A.V., Efros, AlL, Yakovlev, D.R., Liu, F., Bayer, M., Camps, G., Biadala, L., Buil, S., Quelin, X., Hermier, J.-P.: Thermal activation of non-radiative Auger recombination in charged colloidal nanocrystals. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8(3), 206–212 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. Rempel, S.V., Razvodov, A.A., Nebogatikov, M.S., Shishkina, E.V., Shur, V.Ya., Rempel, A.A.: Sizes and fluorescence of cadmium sulfide quantum dots. Fiz. tverd. Tela. 55(3), 567–571 (2013) (in Russian) (Engl. Transl.: Phys. Solid State 55(3), 624–628 (2013))

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia

    Stanislav I. Sadovnikov, Andrey A. Rempel & Aleksandr I. Gusev

Authors
  1. Stanislav I. Sadovnikov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrey A. Rempel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aleksandr I. Gusev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stanislav I. Sadovnikov .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sadovnikov, S.I., Rempel, A.A., Gusev, A.I. (2018). Nanostructured Cadmium Sulfide CdS. In: Nanostructured Lead, Cadmium, and Silver Sulfides. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 256. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56387-9_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation