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Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis pp 107–123Cite as

Altitudinal Gradients in Mycorrhizal Symbioses

The Current State of Knowledge on How Richness and Community Structure Change with Elevation

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Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 230))

Abstract

Mountains, due to their often steep gradients in abiotic and biotic factors, offer an ideal setting to improve our understanding of mechanisms that underlie species distribution and community assembly. The current knowledge on the effects of elevation on richness and community composition is almost entirely based on vascular plants and animals, where most studied groups display a monotonal decline in richness with increasing elevation, a mid-elevation peak, or some combinations of the two. Taxa with similar ecology share certain distributional patterns that often differ from patterns exhibited by other ecological groups. The handful of published studies on the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi along altitudinal gradients confirm both the above general patterns and the differences among functional groups: richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi negatively correlates with altitude, while ectomycorrhizal fungal richness shows either a decrease with increasing elevation or a mid-elevation peak, the latter being particularly prominent in low latitudes. Although the above patterns are particularly pronounced when the gradients span different vegetation zones with correlated strong compositional shifts, some changes can still be detected in relatively short gradients within a vegetation type. Therefore, both climate and the composition of biotic communities, particularly that of potential hosts, appear to shape the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi. More studies are needed, particularly on understudied groups, such as orchid and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, to attain a better understanding of factors shaping the distribution of mycorrhizal fungi along altitudinal gradients.

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  1. Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    József Geml

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    Leho Tedersoo

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Geml, J. (2017). Altitudinal Gradients in Mycorrhizal Symbioses. In: Tedersoo, L. (eds) Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Ecological Studies, vol 230. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_5

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