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Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors pp 15–36Cite as

Biomonitoring to Assess Exposures to Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals

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Abstract

In modern societies, humans may be exposed to a wide spectrum of environmental stressors, including mixtures of anthropogenic chemicals. Furthermore, because human exposure does not occur under controlled conditions of dose-response evaluations in animal studies, exposure assessment is complex. Three main tools have been used to assess human exposures: history/questionnaire information, environmental monitoring, and biomonitoring (i.e., measuring concentrations of the chemicals or their metabolites or adducts in human specimens). In this chapter, we will discuss the suitability of biomonitoring data for evaluating exposures to mixtures of environmental chemicals.

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    Antonia M. Calafat

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Calafat, A.M. (2018). Biomonitoring to Assess Exposures to Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals. In: Rider, C., Simmons, J. (eds) Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56234-6_2

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