Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Residual Strength

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Fatigue and Fracture of Fibre Metal Laminates

Part of the book series: Solid Mechanics and Its Applications ((SMIA,volume 236))

  • 1354 Accesses

Abstract

The residual strength in FMLs can be described differently depending on the geometry of the initial damage. Theories and prediction models are presented for through-cut cracks and fatigue through cracks, based on R-curve and critical crack tip opening angle concepts. For part-through cracks, linear relations based on a damage ratio are presented, while for surface cracks a method is presented based on the through-thickness strain distribution, in combination with the corresponding stress concentration factor. In the end the damage tolerance after impact is discussed, explaining how the residual stress state in the plastically deformed dent improves the residual strength.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. de Vries T (2001) Blunt and sharp notch behaviour of Glare Laminates. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  2. Prasad Kadiyala S, Gurdal Z, Herakovic CT (1988) An experimental and numerical study of notch sensitivity of ARALL laminates with holes. In: 4th Japan-US conference on composite materials, pp 179–188

    Google Scholar 

  3. Macheret Y, Teply JL (1988), Residual strength of ARALL laminates. AMD symposia series, ASME, pp 53–61

    Google Scholar 

  4. Macheret Y, Bucci RJ, Kulak M (1990) Metal plasticity and specimen size effects in evaluation of ARALL laminates notched panel residual strength, fracture behaviour and design of materials and structures. In: Proceedings of the 8th European conference on fracture, pp 288–295

    Google Scholar 

  5. Macheret J, Bucci RJ (1993) A crack growth resistance curve approach to fiber/metal laminate fracture toughness evaluation. Eng Fract Mech 45(6):729–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Vermeeren CAJR (1995) The residual strength of fibre metal laminates. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  7. Vermeeren CAJR (1998) The residual strength of fibre metal laminates: GLARE 2 and GLARE 3. In: International SAMPE technical conference series, pp 471–483

    Google Scholar 

  8. De Vries TJ, Vermeeren CAJR (1994) R-curve testdata: 2024-T3, 7075-T6, Glare 2 and Glare 3, Memorandum M-705. Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  9. De Vries TJ, Holleman E (1995) An R-curve approach to fracture toughness analysis of some Glare grades, Memorandum M-687, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  10. De Vries TJ, Pacchione M (1996) The application of the R-concept for the prediction of the residual strength of fibre metal laminates. In: Proceeding of the USAF structural integrity program conference, USA

    Google Scholar 

  11. De Vries TJ (2000), Residual strength of flat glare panels—experimental results. Report B2V-00-15, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  12. De Vries TJ, Vlot A (2001) The influence of the constituent properties on the residual strength of Glare. Appl Compos Mater 8(4):263–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jin ZH, Batra RC (1996) Residual strength of centrally cracked metal/fiber composite laminates. Mater Sci Eng A 216(1–2):117–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Dugdale DS (1960) Yielding of steel sheets containing slits. J Mech Phys Solids 8(2):100–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Afaghi-Khatibi A, Ye L, Mai Y-W (1996) Evaluations of effective crack growth and residual strength of fibre-reinforced metal laminates with a sharp notch. Compos Sci Technol 56(9):1079–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Afaghi-Khatibi A, Ye L (1997) Residual strength simulation of fibre reinforced metal laminates containing a circular hole. J Compos Mater 31(19):1884–1904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Afaghi-Khatibi A, Ye L, Mai Y-W (1997) Effects of constituent properties on residual strength of notched fibre reinforced metal laminates. Adv Fract Res 1–6:643–650

    Google Scholar 

  18. Afaghi-Khatibi A, Lawcock G, Ye L, Mai Y-W (2000) On the fracture mechanical behaviour of fibre reinforced metal laminates (FRMLs). Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 185(2–4):173–190

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Castrodeza EM, Ipina JEP, Bastian FL (2002) Experimental techniques for fracture instability toughness determination of unidirectional fibre metal laminates. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 25(11):999–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Castrodeza EM, Bastian FL, Ipina JEP (2003) Critical fracture toughness, J(C) and delta(5C), of unidirectional fibre-metal laminates. Thin-Walled Struct 41(12):1089–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Castrodeza EM, Bastian FL, Ipina JEP (2004) Residual strength of unidirectional fibre-metal laminates based on J(c) toughness of C(T) and SE(B) specimens: comparison with M(T) test results. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 27(10):923–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Castrodeza EM, Ipina JEP, Bastian FL (2004) Fracture toughness evaluation of unidirectional fibre metal laminates using traditional CTOD (delta) and Schwalbe (delta(5)) methodologies. Eng Fract Mech 71(7–8):1107–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rodi R (2010) The residual strength failure sequence in fibre metal laminates. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  24. Newman JC, James MA, Zerbst U (2002) A review of the CTOA/CTOD fracture criterion. Eng Fract Mech 70(3–4):371–385

    Google Scholar 

  25. ASTM-E2472-06 (2006) Standard test method for determination of resistance to stable crack extension under low-constrain conditions. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials

    Google Scholar 

  26. Longhi A (1998) On some preliminary measurements of the crack tip opening angle in glare sheets. Report B2-98-04, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  27. Longhi A (1998) An innovative approach to the evaluation of the residual strength of fibre metal laminates. Report B2-98-08, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  28. Broek D (1988) The practical use of fracture mechanics. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zaal KJJM (1995) Residual strength analysis of structures in aluminium alloy and fiber metal laminates. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  30. Eftis J, Liebowitz H (1972) On the modified westergaard equations for certain plane crack problems. Int J Fract Mech 8(4):383–392

    Google Scholar 

  31. Testi S (1995) A study on the compliance calibration for GLARE®, Master Thesis. Politecnico di Milano & Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  32. Feddersen C (1967) Discussion to: plane strain crack toughness testing. A.S.T.M. Spec. Tech. Publ. No. 410, p 77

    Google Scholar 

  33. Dixon JR (1960) Stress distribution around a central crack in a plate loaded in tension: effect of finite width of plate. J Roy Aeronaut Soc 64:141–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. ASTM-E561-81 (1982) Standard practice for R-curve determination. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 10, American Society for Testing and Materials

    Google Scholar 

  35. Wu EM (1967) Application of fracture mechanics to anisotropic plates. J Appl Mech 34(4):967–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Sih GC, Liebowitz H (1968) Mathematical theories of brittle fracture. In: Liebowitz H (ed) Fracture, vol 2. Academic Press, NY

    Google Scholar 

  37. Isida M (1971) Effect of width and length on stress intensity factors of internally cracked plates under various boundary conditions. Int J Fract Mech 7(3):301–316

    Google Scholar 

  38. Castrodeza EM, Schneider Abdala MRW, Bastian FL (2006) Crack resistance curves of GLARE laminates by elastic compliance. Eng Fract Mech 73:2292–2303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. ASTM-E1820 (1999) Standard test methods for measurement of fracture toughness. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rodi R, Alderliesten RC, Benedictus R (2010) Experimental characterization of the crack tip opening angle in fibre metal laminates. Eng Fract Mech 77(6):1012–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Teigen R (1991) Determination of off-axis properties of Glare. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kawai M, Morishita M, Tomura S, Takumida K (1998) Inelastic behaviour and strength of fiber-metal hybrid composite: GLARE. Int J Mech Sci 40(23), 183–198

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kawai M, Hachinohe A, Takumida K, Kawase Y (2001) Off-axis fatigue behaviour and its damage mechanics modelling for unidirectional fibre–metal hybrid composite: GLARE 2. Compos A 32:13–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Tinga T (2003) Off-axis residual strength of Glare laminates, part 1; experimental results Glare4B-4/3-0.4. Report NLR-CR-2003-065-PT-1, National Aerospace laboratory NLR, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  45. Gupta M (2017) Directionality of damage growth in fibre metal laminates and hybrid structures. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sun CT (1996) Comparative evaluation of failure analysis methods for composite laminates. Report DOT/FAA/AR-95/109, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Research, Washington, D.C

    Google Scholar 

  47. Tinga T (2003) Off-axis residual strength of Glare laminates, part 2; prediction method. Report NLR-CR-2003-065-PT-2, National Aerospace laboratory NLR, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  48. Marissen R (1988) Fatigue crack growth in ARALL, a hybrid aluminium-aramid composite material, crack growth mechanisms and quantitative predictions of the crack growth rate. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology

    Google Scholar 

  49. Guo YJ, Wu XR (1999) Bridging stress distribution in center-cracked fiber reinforced metal laminates: modelling and experiment. Eng Fract Mech 63:147–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Beumler T (2004) Flying GLARE®, a contribution to aircraft certification issues on strength prediction in non-damaged and fatigue damaged GLARE® structures. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  51. de Rijck JJM (2015) Stress analysis of fatigue cracks in mechanically fastened joints, an analytical and experimental investigation. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  52. Müller RPG (1995) An experimental and analytical investigation on the fatigue behaviour of fuselage riveted lap joints, the significance of the rivet squeeze force, and a comparison of 2024-T3 and Glare 3. PhD dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  53. Soetikno TP (1992) Residual strength of the fatigued 3 rows riveted Glare3 longitudinal joint. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hagenbeek M (2000) Fatigue and residual strength effect of scratches. Report B2v-00-14, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  55. van der Jagt OC (2002) Residual strength of damaged glare shells. Report B2v-02-56, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pilkey WD (1997) Peterson’s stress concentration factors, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York

    Google Scholar 

  57. Hagenbeek M (1999) Fatigue and residual strength after impact. Impact properties of GLARE. Report B2v-98-16, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hagenbeek M (2000) Fatigue and residual strength of GLARE2 after impact. Impact properties of GLARE. Report B2v-00-21, Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  59. Moriniere et al (2013) Low-velocity energy partitioning in GLARE. Mech Mater 66:59–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Moriniere et al (2013) An integrated study on the low-velocity impact response of the GLARE fire-metal laminate. Compos Struct 100:89–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Bosma H (1991) Gevolgen van lage snelheden impact op aramide ARALL en GLARE. MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology (in Dutch)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    René Alderliesten

Authors
  1. René Alderliesten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to René Alderliesten .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Alderliesten, R. (2017). Residual Strength. In: Fatigue and Fracture of Fibre Metal Laminates. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 236. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56227-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56227-8_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56226-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56227-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation