Abstract
We are at the beginning of a new technological revolution, propelled by the development of cyber-physical systems and technologies like Internet of Things, Bid Data, Cloud Computing, 3D Printing, etc. Therefore, we will see an avalanche of projects to implement new business models, products, services and companies. In this paper, we analyse the main characteristics of these projects and we wonder about the appropriate methodologies and managerial styles to lead them. We argue that these projects are complex in nature, according to the current literature on project complexity and thus, classical project management approaches might be unsuitable for managing them. We suggest some clues to seek for new managerial styles, mainly in the literature concerning innovation and new product development and within the “Agile” approach.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2347–2376.
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer Networks, 54(15), 2787–2805.
Baccarini, D. (1996). The concept of project complexity—A review. International Journal of Project Management, 14(4), 201–204.
Bakhsheshi, H. A., & Nejad, R. S. (2011). ‘Impact of Project Managers’ personalities on project success in four types of project. International Conference on Construction and Project Management, 15(2), 181–186.
Bandyopadhyay, D., & Sen, J. (2011). Internet of things: Applications and challenges in technology and standardization. Wireless Personal Communications, 58(1), 49–69.
Barczak, G., & Kahn, K. B. (2012). Identifying new product development best practice. Business Horizons, 55(3), 293–305.
Blank, S. G., & Dorf, B. (2012). The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for build-ing a great company. Incorporated: K&S Ranch.
Boehm, B., & Turner, R. (2005). Management challenges to implementing agile processes in traditional development organizations. IEEE Software, 22(5), 30–39.
Bosch-Rekveldt, M., Jongkind, Y., Mooi, H., Bakker, H., & Verbraeck, A. (2011). Grasping project complexity in large engineering projects: The TOE (Technical, Organizational and Environmental) framework. International Journal of Project Management, 29(6), 728–739,
Chesbrough, H. W. (2006). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business Press.
Cicmil, S., & Hodgson, D. (2006). New possibilities for project management theory: A critical engagement. Project Management Journal, 37(3), 111.
Cleland, D. I., & King, W. R. (1967). Systems analysis and project management. NY: McGraw-HillNew York.
Cleland, D. I., & King, W. R. (1983). Project management handbook, New York: Van Nostrand.
Crawford, L., Hobbs, J. B., & Turner, J. R. (2005). Project categorization systems: Aligning capability with strategy for better results. Project Management Institute.
Crawford, L. (2007). Developing the project management competence of individuals. In L. Crawford (Ed.), Gower handbook of project management. UK: Gower, Aldershot.
Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2004a). Benchmarking best NPD practices—I. Research-Technology Management, 47(1), 31–43.
Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2004b). Benchmarking best NPD practices—II. Research-Technology Management, 47(3), 50–59.
Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2004c). Benchmarking best NPD practices—III. Research-Technology Management, 47(6), 43–55.
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M.J. (2003). Design of a new instrument to assess leadership dimensions and styles. Henley Working Paper Series HWP 0311. Henley-on-Thames, UK: Henley Management College.
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. J. (2005). Assessing leadership styles and organizational context. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 105–123.
Elonen, S., & Artto, K. A. (2003). Problems in managing internal development projects in multi-project environments. International Journal of Project Management, 21(6), 395–402.
Fernandez, D. J., & Fernandez, J. D. (2008). Agile project management—Agilism versus traditional approaches. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(2), 10–17.
Geraldi, J., Maylor, H., & Williams, T. (2011). Now, let’s make it really complex (complicated) A systematic review of the complexities of projects. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 31(9), 966–990.
Hobday, M. (2000). The project-based organisation: An ideal form for managing complex products and systems? Research Policy, 29(7), 871–893.
Hofmann, H. F., & Lehner, F. (2001). Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects. IEEE Software, 18(4), 58.
Huizingh, E. K. (2011). Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2–9.
International Project Management Association (IPMA) (2006). IPMA Competence Baseline, version 3.0. Nijkerk, the Netherlands: International Project Management Association.
International Organization for Standardization (2012). ISO 21500:2012. Guidance on project management. Geneva: ISO.
International Project Management Association (IPMA) (2015). The Individual Competence Baseline for Project, Program and Portfolio Management. International Project Management Association.
Kahn, K. B., Barczak, G., & Moss, R. (2006). Establishing a NPD best practices framework. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23(2), 106–116.
Kaur, R., & Sengupta, J. (2013). Software process models and analysis on failure of software development projects. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.1068
Keegan, A., & Turner, J. R. (2002). The management of innovation in project-based firms. Long Range Planning, 35(4), 367–388.
Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, Wiley.
Kiel, D., Arnold, C., Collisi, M., & Voigt, K. I. (2016). The impact of the industrial internet of things on established business models. In Proceedings of the 25th international association for management of technology (IAMOT) conference, Orlando, FL.
Koskela, L. J., & Howell, G. (2002a). The underlying theory of project management is obsolete. In Proceedings of the PMI Research Conference (pp. 293–302). PMI.
Koskela, L., & Howell, G. (2002b). The theory of project management: Explanation to novel methods. In Proceedings IGLC (Vol. 10, pp. 1–11).
Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The internet of things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58(4), 431–440.
Lindvall, M., Basili, V., Boehm, B., Costa, P., Dangle, K., Shull, F., et al. (2002). Empirical findings in agile methods. In Conference on extreme programming and agile methods (pp. 197–207). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
Lundvall, B. Å., Johnson, B., Andersen, E. S., & Dalum, B. (2002). National systems of production, innovation and competence building. Research Policy, 31(2), 213–231.
Manifesto (2001). Manifesto for agile software development. http://www.agilemanifesto.org. 12 November 2016.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2015). The internet of things: Mapping the value beyond the hype. McKinsey Global Institute: McKinsey&Company.
Morris, P. (2004). Current trends in project and programme management. Association for Project Management Yearbook.
Morris, P. W. G., Pinto, J. K., & Söderlund, J. (2011). Introduction: Towards the third wave of project management. In P. W. G. Morris, J. K. Pinto, & J. Söderlund (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of project management (pp. 1–11). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Müller, R., & Turner, J. R. (2007). Matching the project manager’s leadership style to project type. International Journal of Project Management, 25(1), 21–32.
Müller, R., & Turner, R. (2010). Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 437−448.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Wiley.
Pajares, J., López-Paredes, A., & Hernández, C. (2016). Technology start-up firms as a portfolio of projects: The case of DIMA 3D. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 226, 59–66.
Pich, M. T., Loch, C. H., & Meyer, A. D. (2002). On uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity in project management. Management Science, 48(8), 1008–1023.
PMI (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBoK® Guide) (5th ed.), Newtown Square, USA: Project Management Institute.
Porter, M. E., & Heppelmann, J. E. (2014). How smart, connected products are transforming competition. Harvard Business Review, 92(11), 64–88.
Price WaterHouse Coopers, PwC (2016). The industrial internet of things why it demands not only new technology—but also a new operational blueprint for your business. Price WaterHouse Coopers.
Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today’s entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to cre-ate radically successful businesses. Random House LLC.
Roblek, V., Meško, M., & Krapež, A. (2016). A complex view of industry 4.0. SAGE Open, 6(2), 2158244016653987.
Sahlin-Andersson, K., & Söderholm A., A. (2002). Beyond project management—New perspectives on the temporary–permanent dilemma. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.
Sarma, A. C., & Girão, J. (2009). Identities in the future internet of things. Wireless Personal Communications, 49(3), 353–363.
Sauser, B. J., Reilly, R. R., & Shenhar, A. J. (2009). Why projects fail? How contingency theory can provide new insights—A comparative analysis of NASA’s mars climate orbiter loss. International Journal of Project Management, 27(7), 665–679.
Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Serrador, P., & Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work?—A quantitative analysis of agile project success. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), 1040–1051.
Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2007a, August). The lost link: Why successful innovation needs sound project management. In PICMET’07–2007 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology (pp. 597–610). IEEE.
Shenhar, A. J., & Dvir, D. (2007b). Reinventing project management: The diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press.
Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D., Levy, O., & Maltz, A. C. (2001). Project success: A multidimensional strategic concept. Long Range Planning, 34(6), 699–725.
Shenhar, A. J., Levy, O., & Dvir, D. (1997). Mapping the dimensions of project success. Project management journal, 28(2), 5–13.
Simon, H. A. (1991). The architecture of complexity. In Facets of systems science (pp. 457–476). US: Springer.
Sommerville, I., & Sawyer, P. (1997). Requirements engineering: A good practice guide. New York, NY., USA: Wiley.
Standish Group (2015). Chaos Report. Standish Group.
Stellingwerf, R., & Zandhuis, A. (2013). ISO 21500 Guidance on project management-A Pocket Guide. Van Haren.
Turner, J. R., & Cochrane, R. A. (1993). Goals-and-methods matrix: Coping with projects with ill defined goals and/or methods of achieving them. International Journal of Project Management, 11(2), 93–102.
Verner, J., Sampson, J., & Cerpa, N. (2008). What factors lead to software project failure?. In 2008 Second International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (pp. 71–80). IEEE.
Weber, R. H. (2010). Internet of things-new security and privacy challenges. Computer Law & Security Review, 26(1), 23–30.
Weber, R. H. (2009). Internet of things–Need for a new legal environment? Computer law & security review, 25(6), 522–527.
Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., & Xu Da, L. (2015). The internet of things—A survey of topics and trends. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(2), 261–274.
Williams, T. (2005). Assessing and moving on from the dominant project management discourse in the light of project overruns. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 52(4), 497–508.
Williams, T. M. (1999). The need for new paradigms for complex projects. International Journal of Project Management, 17(5), 269–273.
World Economic Forum (2016). The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. January 2016. World Economic Forum.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pajares, J., Poza, D., Villafañez, F., López-Paredes, A. (2017). Project Management Methodologies in the Fourth Technological Revolution. In: Hernández, C. (eds) Advances in Management Engineering. Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55889-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55889-9_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55888-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55889-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)