CXR/CT IV

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) continues to be a devastating acute lung process with high short-term mortality and potential for significant long-term consequences. Ventilator strategies are keystone in the treatment of this disease, along with other supportive therapies as adjuncts. The ability to quickly diagnose this syndrome with clinical data, including chest X-ray and computed tomography, is crucial for prompt initiation of appropriate treatments that could positively affect outcome. In this chapter, we review the current evidence base for such therapies, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. We emphasize lung protective ventilation, the concept of low plateau pressures and low tidal volumes, and the benefit of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP).