Abstract
Pacemaker presence in a patient coming for anesthesia is not uncommon and, if present, would be an anesthetic concern during a preoperative examination. Anesthesiologists who manage patients’ medical problems like diabetes mellitus preoperatively are increasingly in situations needing to address these devices as well. Pacemaker technology goes all the way from simple external cardiac pacing at one end of the spectrum to automated implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD) at the other end of the spectrum, and the term cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) encompasses all. Pacemakers can be temporary or permanent. External cardiac pacing and transvenous pacing through a central line are classical examples of a temporary pacemaker. Permanent pacemakers have implanted pacing leads with a pulse generator providing the source of energy.
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Govindaraj, R., Rousan, T.A. (2017). ECG IV. In: Raj, T. (eds) Data Interpretation in Anesthesia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55862-2_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55862-2_20
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