Abstract
The genetic information contained in structural genes, gene regulatory regions, and noncoding DNA is what makes living beings similar and also what differentiates all the species on planet Earth. The rich diversity of life is still in the process of discovery; it has been the focus of increasing attention by sectors of society addressing developmental policies that often are detrimental to the environment. Conservation of genetic resources does not imply only conservation of species diversity, but also the genetic differences between populations of the same species or between animal breeds, strains and varieties. Therefore, knowledge of population differentiation and the temporal and spatial extent of gene flow are essential to management decision-making. As the methodologies for genetic diversity assessment have been developed in the last decades, genetic diversity estimation within and among populations has assumed central importance in conservation programs for genetic resources. The aim is to reveal putative genetic units so that genetic erosion of genetically unique populations can be prevented (Bijlsma and Volker Loeschcke 2012).
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Hilsdorf, A.W.S., Hallerman, E.M. (2017). Characterization of Genetic Resources. In: Genetic Resources of Neotropical Fishes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55838-7_3
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