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Book cover Antitrust in Pharmaceutical Markets & Geographical Rules of Origin

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Abstract

The French rules governing claims by suppliers about the geographical origin of their goods results from a combination of the World Trade Organization, the European Union and the national legislation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    ECJ, case 113/80, 17 June 1981, Commission of the European Communities v Ireland, REC 1981 p. 1625; ECJ, 25 avril 1985, case 207/83, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, ECR 1985 p. 1201.

  2. 2.

    Nonetheless, the French AOC system is doomed to disappear because of the exclusive application of EU system. The Court of Justice of the European Union affirmed the principle of non-cumulation of protections in the matter of geographical indications,any product benefiting from an AOC shall also meet the conditions laid down for PDOs, and the European PGI/PDO system supersedes the French AOC system in advertising campaigns and labelling, since PDO products can no longer contain the AOC wording and logo.

  3. 3.

    Parliament and Council Regulation 1169/2011 of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumer, OJ 2011, L 304, p. 18–63.

  4. 4.

    Commission Regulation 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008 amending Regulation 1580/2007 laying down implementing rules of Council Regulations 2200/96, (EC) No 2201/96 and (EC) No 1182/2007 in the fruit and vegetable sector as regards marketing standards, OJ 2008, L 336, p. 1–80.

  5. 5.

    Commission implementing Regulation (EU) No 1335/2013 of 13 December 2013 amending Implementing Regulation 29/2012 on marketing standards for olive oil, OJ 2013, L 335, p. 14–16.

  6. 6.

    European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1760/2000 of the of 17 July 2000 establishing a system for the identification and registration of bovine animals and regarding the labelling of beef and beef products and repealing Council Regulation 820/97, OJ 2000, L 204, p. 1–10.

  7. 7.

    Commission implmenting Regulation (UE) No. 1337/2013 laying down rules for the application of Regulation 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the indication of the country of origin or place of provenance for fresh, chilled and frozen meat of swine, sheep, goats and poultry.

  8. 8.

    Council Directive 2001/114/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to certain partly or wholly dehydrated preserved milk for human consumption.

  9. 9.

    Council Directive 2001/112/EC of 20 September 2001 relating to fruit juices and certain similar products intended for human consumption.

  10. 10.

    Directive 1999/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 relating to coffee extracts and chicory extracts.

  11. 11.

    Council Directive 2001/111/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to certain sugars intended for human consumption.

  12. 12.

    Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey.

  13. 13.

    Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption.

  14. 14.

    Regulation 609/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on food intended for infants and young children, food for special medical purposes, and total diet replacement for weight control and repealing Council Directive No 92/52/EEC, Commission Directives 96/8/EC, 1999/21/EC, 2006/125/EC and 2006/141/EC, Directive 2009/39 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulations 41/2009 and 953/2009.

  15. 15.

    Parliament and Council Regulation 1223/2009 of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products, OJ 2009, L 342, p. 59–209.

  16. 16.

    Décret n° 2016-1137 du 19 août 2016 relatif à l’indication de l’origine du lait et du lait et des viandes utilisés en tant qu’ingrédient.

  17. 17.

    Parliament and Council Regulation 952/2013 of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code (recast), OJ 2013, L 269, p. 1–101 and Commission implementing Regulation 2015/2447 of 24 November 2015 laying down detailed rules for implementing certain provisions of Regulation 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the Union Customs Code, OJ 2015, L 343, p. 558–893.

  18. 18.

    ECJ, 26 January 1977, case C-49/76, Gesellschaft für Überseehandel v Handelskammer Hamburg, ECR 1977 p. 41, pt. 6.

  19. 19.

    ECJ, case C-26/88, 13 December 1989, Brother International v Hauptzollamt Giessen, ECR 1989 p. 4253, pt.19.

  20. 20.

    ECJ, case C-93/83, 23 Fabruary 1984, Zentrag v Hauptzollamt Bochum, REC 1984 p. 1095.

  21. 21.

    Circulaire n°15-026 du 12 May 2015 du Ministère des Finances et des Comptes publics précise le cadre du marquage de l’origine et définit le champ d’application de l’article 39 du Code des douanes, N°R: FCPD1511378C.

  22. 22.

    DGCCRF, avis no 89-054, BID 1989, no 2, p. 24.

  23. 23.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 13 January 2015, n° 13-88386.

  24. 24.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 12 November 1985: D. 1986. IR 402, obs. Roujou de Boubée.

  25. 25.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 13 June 1984: D. 1985. IR 65; JCP 1984. I. 13711.

  26. 26.

    DGCCRF-BID 1994, n° 9, p. 7.

  27. 27.

    T. corr. Clermont-Ferrand, 4e ch., 24 June 1996, n° 1754.

  28. 28.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 26 October 1999, n° 98-84.446.

  29. 29.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 23 March 2010, n° 09-82.545.

  30. 30.

    Commission implementing Regulation 668/2014 of 13 June 2014 laying down rules for the application of Regulation 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs, OJ 2014, L 179, p. 36–61.

  31. 31.

    Parliament and Council Regulation 110/2008 of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89, OJ 2008, L 39, p. 16–54.

  32. 32.

    Parliament and Council Regulation 1308/2013 of 17 December 2013 establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products and repealing Council Regulations 922/72, 234/79, 1037/2001 and 1234/2007, OJ 2013, L 347, p. 671–854.

  33. 33.

    Ord. n° 2006-1547, 7 déc. 2006, relative à la valorisation des produits agricoles: Journal Officiel du 8 Décembre 2006.

  34. 34.

    Council of State, 12 June 2013, n° 350214.

  35. 35.

    Council of State, 10 February 2014, ‘Cussac-Fort-Médoc’, n° 356113.

  36. 36.

    Council of State, 20 September 1993, n° 112635, Sté Château d’Arsac; Council of State, 10 February 1995, n° 137560, Cne de Fontaine-sur-Ay; Council of State, 17 September 1999, n° 183632, Assoc. des viticulteurs monbadonnais.

  37. 37.

    Ordonnance n° 2006-1547 du 7 décembre 2006 relative à la valorisation des produits agricoles, forestiers ou alimentaires et des produits de la mer.

  38. 38.

    Journal Officiel du 6 Juillet 1990.

  39. 39.

    Council of State, 14 October 1960, Synd. agricole et viticole de Lalande-de-Pomerol et Synd. viticole et agricole de Pomerol; Council of State, 17 September 1999, Assoc. des viticulteurs monbadonnais: Rec. CE 1999, p. 630.

  40. 40.

    T. civ., 19 February 1931; Court of Appeal of Angers, 17 November 1936, Etablissements Béra c./Syndicat patronal des industries textiles de la région de Cholet; Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 18 November 1930; Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 14 November 1950.

  41. 41.

    Décret n° 2013-97 du 24 janvier 2013 relatif à l’appellation d’origine contrôlée « Huile essentielle de lavande de Haute-Provence » ou « Essence de lavande de Haute-Provence »; Décret du 1st avril 1992, JO 2 avril 1992.

  42. 42.

    Loi n° 2014-344 du 17 March 2014 relative à la consommation.

  43. 43.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 18 February 2004, n° 02-10.576.

  44. 44.

    Paris Court of First Instance, 13 October 2000, PIBD 2001. III. 122.

  45. 45.

    Paris Court of First Instance, 7 September 2001, PIBD 2002. III. 169; Paris Court of First Instance, 9 April 2008, Comité interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne contre Cornu SA.

  46. 46.

    ECJ, case C-381/05, 19 April 2007, De Landtsheer Emmanuel SA v Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne and Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin SA, REC 2007 I-3115.

  47. 47.

    Parliament and of the Council Regulation 608/2013 of 12 June 2013 concerning customs enforcement of intellectual property rights and repealing Council Regulation 1383/2003.

  48. 48.

    Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 18 June 1997, n°96-83018.

  49. 49.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 22 October 1979: P.l.B.D. 1980, lll, 5; Paris Court of Appeal, 28 June 1982: P.l.B.D. 1982, III, 201.

  50. 50.

    ECJ, joint cases C-108-97 and C-109/97, 4 May 1999, Windsurfing Chiemsee Produktions- und Vertriebs GmbH (WSC) v Boots- und Segelzubehör Walter Huber and Franz Attenberger, ECLI:EU:C:1999:230.

  51. 51.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 15 March 1988, D. 1988, I.R., p. 108; Paris Court of Appeal, 8 April, 1993, no 92/3460.

  52. 52.

    Circ. min. n° 15-026, 18 May 2015, N°R: FCPD1511378C, BO douanes n° 7065.

  53. 53.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 25 May 2011, n° 08/24218.

  54. 54.

    Nîmes Court of First Instance, 5 March 1991, Gaz. PaL.1991, 2, som., p. 417.

  55. 55.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 17 May 1982, n° 80-16.212.

  56. 56.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 4 juilL.1985, PIBD 1986. III. 50; Ann. propr. ind. 1986. 226; Paris Court of First Instance, 7 April 2006, PIBD 2006. III. 633.

  57. 57.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 31 January 2006, n° 04-13676; Lyon Court of Appeal, 10 May 2007: D. 2007. Pan. 2837, PIBD 2007. III. 482.

  58. 58.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 1st December 1987, n° 86-11328; CJCE, case C-87/97, 4 March 1999, Consorzio Gorgonzola v KCH.

  59. 59.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 26 October 1993, n° 91-20472.

  60. 60.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 25 April 2007, PIBD 2007. III. 440.

  61. 61.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 9 November 1981, n° 80-12943.

  62. 62.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 31 January 2006, n° 04-13.676.

  63. 63.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 9 November 1981, n° 80-12.943; Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 29 March 1994, n° 92-11.959.

  64. 64.

    Loi n° 98-565, 8 juillet 1998, art. 4.

  65. 65.

    CJCE, 24 October 2002, Borie Manoux, case C-81/01, Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 17 December 2003, n° 98-23.501.

  66. 66.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 15 December 1993, D. 1994, jur., p. 145, note le Tourneau Ph.

  67. 67.

    Paris Court of Appeal, ch. 4, sect. A, 12 September 2001, no 1999/19401.

  68. 68.

    Angers Court of Appeal, 17 February 1992, PIBD 1992. III. 554.

  69. 69.

    N. Olszak, Droit des appellations d’origine et indications de provenance, éd. Tec & Doc, 2001, p. 70.

  70. 70.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 6 February 1986: Ann. propr. ind. 1986, p. 11, ‘Savoie Coutellerie’.

  71. 71.

    Paris Court of Appeal, 16 June 1988: D. 1989, p. 28; Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 30 November 2004, n° 02-13561; Council of State, 17 November 1999, n° 209923 et n° 209940, Union des métiers de la viande et de la gastronomie.

  72. 72.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 30 May 2000, n° 98-15327.

  73. 73.

    Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 27 February 1996, n° 94-16885; Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 15 October 1996, n° 94-21871; Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 7 April 1999, n° 97-85813; Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 4 May 1957: JCP G 1957, II, 10089; Court of Cassation, Criminal Chamber, 28 November 1983, n° 82-94185; Poitier Court of Appeal, 24 March 2006: JCP G 2007, IV, 1295.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Association Française d’Etude de la concurrence (AFEC), Paris, France

    Guillaume Couet & Martina Isola

  2. Freshfields, Paris, France

    Martina Isola

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  1. Guillaume Couet
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  1. Kobel Avocat Attorney-at-law, Geneva, Switzerland

    Pierre Kobel

  2. Këllezi Legal, Geneva, Switzerland

    Pranvera Këllezi

  3. Addleshaw Goddard LLP, London, United Kingdom

    Bruce Kilpatrick

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Couet, G., Isola, M. (2017). France. In: Kobel, P., Këllezi, P., Kilpatrick, B. (eds) Antitrust in Pharmaceutical Markets & Geographical Rules of Origin. LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55813-4_21

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