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Ecological Aspects on Rumen Microbiome

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Diversity and Benefits of Microorganisms from the Tropics

Abstract

Ruminants are important as suppliers of dairy products for human consumption and are responsible by a large portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. The rumen microbial colonization is a complex process and occurs simultaneously with animal development and maturation of the host immune system. Ruminal microorganisms are responsible for converting energy stored in plant biomass into volatile fatty acid, which are subsequently metabolized and absorbed by the animal. In this chapter, we briefly describe the rumen compartment and the coevolution between ruminants and microorganisms. Further, we discuss the rumen microbiome composition, including the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities and the role of Protozoa, anaerobic fungi, and bacteriophages in the rumen. Finally, we discuss how the use of molecular tools on rumen microbiome studies has impacted on biotechnological exploitation of this ecosystem.

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  1. Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP340 Km 127.5, Jaguariuna, SP, 13820-000, Brazil

    Emiliana Manesco Romagnoli, Maria Carolina Pezzo Kmit, Josiane Barros Chiaramonte, Maike Rossmann & Rodrigo Mendes

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  2. College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, Brazil

    Maria Carolina Quecine

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Romagnoli, E.M., Kmit, M.C.P., Chiaramonte, J.B., Rossmann, M., Mendes, R. (2017). Ecological Aspects on Rumen Microbiome. In: de Azevedo, J., Quecine, M. (eds) Diversity and Benefits of Microorganisms from the Tropics . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55804-2_16

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