Skip to main content

Separation in the Time Domain

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The White Confocal
  • 645 Accesses

Abstract

Thus far we did not pay too much attention to the fluorescence lifetime (Sect. 2.1). As the lifetime of the excited state is in the range of a few nanoseconds, and therefore not easy to capture by measurement devices, for a long time it was not a standard parameter that would be used to characterize fluorescence phenomena. This has changed in the last 20 years, and measurements based on fluorescence lifetime are found more frequently in the literature. In this chapter we discuss simple lifetime measurements and how we can benefit from these relationships in everyday microscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Further Reading

  • Becquerel AE (1839) Mémoire sur les effets électriques produits sous l’influence des rayons solaires. Comptes Rendus 9:561–567 (Original publication on effects of light onto electrodes)

    Google Scholar 

  • Borlinghaus RT, Young S (2007) Efficiency and speed—new paradigms in confocal data acquisition. Imaging Microsc 8(4):58–59 (Direct digitalization replaces charge amplifiers in confocal microscopes)

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstein A (1905) Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. Annalen der Physik 322(6):132–148 (Original publication explaining the photoelectric effect)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallwachs WLF (1888) Ueber die Electrisierung von Metallplatten durch Bestrahlung mit electrischem Licht. Annalen der Physik 34:731–734 (Original publication on the Hallwachs-effect)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamamatsu Photonics KK (2007) Photomultiplier tubes—basics and applications. Edition 3a, 310 S (Detailed technical and general explanations of photomultiplier tubes)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertz HR (1887) Ueber den Einfluss des ultravioletten Lichtes auf die electrische Entladung. Annalen der Physik 267(8):983–1000 (Original publication on the photoelectric effect)

    Google Scholar 

  • Planck M (1900) Ueber irreversible Strahlungsvorgänge. Annalen der Physik 1:69–122 (Original publication on energy distribution in spectra)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rolf Theodor Borlinghaus .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Borlinghaus, R.T. (2017). Separation in the Time Domain. In: The White Confocal. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55562-1_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics