Abstract
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear process between interacting light and sound waves. For an accurate analysis of the interaction between the guided optical and acoustic modes, a rigorous yet computationally efficient numerical approach is needed. A finite element based full-vectorial approach was developed to find modal solutions of acoustic modes in low and high-index contrast waveguides. The SBS frequency shift, the overlaps between the quasi-TE fundamental optical mode the fundamental and the higher order quasi-shear and quasi-longitudinal acoustic modes, and SBS gain curves are also presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
G.P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 4th edn. (Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2007)
K. Hotate, M. Tanaka, Distributed fiber Brillouin strain sensing with 1-cm spatial resolution by correlation-based continuous-wave technique. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 179–181 (2002)
K.Y. Song, K.Z. Abedin, K. Hotate, M.G. Herraez, L. Thevenaz, Highly efficient Brillouin slow and fast light using \(As_2Se_3\) chalcogenide fiber. Opt. Express 14, 5860–5865 (2006)
R.M. Shelby, M.D. Levenson, P.W. Bayer, Guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering. Phys. Rev. B 31(8), 5244–5252 (1985)
P. Dainese, P. Russell, J. St, N. Joly, J.C. Knight, G.S. Wiederhecker, H.L. Fragnito, V. Laude, A. Khelif, Stimulated Brillouin scattering from multi-GHz-guided acoustic phonons in nanostructured photonic crystal fibres. Nat. Phys. 2, 388–392 (2006)
A.E.H. Love, A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1906)
H. Ledbetter, S. Kim, Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, vol. 2 (Academic Press, San Diego, 2001)
B.A. Auld, Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids, vol. 1 (Wiley, Canada, 1973)
R.N. Thurston, Elastic waves in rods and clad rods. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64(1), 1–37 (1978)
A. Safaai-Jazi, R.O. Claus, Acoustic modes in optical fiberlike waveguides. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 35, 619–627 (1988)
V. Laude, J. -C. Beugnot, Generation of phonons from electrostriction in small-core optical waveguides. AIP Adv. 3 (2013)
B.M.A. Rahman, A. Agrawal, Finite Element Modeling Methods for Photonics (Artech House, London, 2013)
W. Zou, Z. He, K. Hotate, Acoustic modal analysis and control in w-shaped triple-layer optical fibers with highly-germanium-doped core and F-doped inner cladding. Opt. Express 16, 10006–10017 (2008)
Y.S. Mamdem, E. Burov, L.A. de Montmorillon, Y. Aouen, G. Moreau, R. Gabet, F. Taillade, Importance of residual stresses in the Brillouin gain spectrum of single mode optical fibers. Opt. Express 20, 1790–1797 (2012)
M. Koshiba, S. Mitobe, M. Suzuki, Finite-element solution of periodic waveguides for acoustic waves. IEEE Trans Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control UFFC–34(4), 472–477 (1987)
P.E. Lagasse, Higher order finite element analysis of topographic guides supporting elastic surface waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53(4), 1116–1122 (1973)
G.O. Stone, High-order finite elements for inhomogeneous acoustic guiding structures. IEEE Trans Microw. Theory Tech. MTT–21(8), 538–542 (1973)
V. Laude, A. Khelif, S. Benchabane, M. Wilm, T. Sylvestre, B. Kibler, A. Mussot, J.M. Dudley, H. Maillotte, Phononic band-gap guidance of acoustic modes in photonic crystal fibers. Phys. Rev. B 71 (2005)
S. Sriratanavaree, B.M.A. Rahman, D.M.H. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K.T.V. Grattan, Rigorous characterization of acoustic-optical interactions in silicon slot waveguides by full-vectorial finite element method. Opt. Express 22, 9528–9537 (2014)
O.C. Zienkiewicz, The Finite Element Method (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977)
B.M.A. Rahman, J.B. Davies, Finite-element solution of integrated optical waveguides. J. Lightwave Technol. 2(5), 682–688 (1984)
A.B. Ruffin, M.J. Li, X. Chen, A. Kobyakov, F. Annunziata, Brillouin gain analysis for fibers with different refractive indices. Opt. Lett. 30, 3123–3125 (2005)
C.K. Jen, A. Safaai-Jazi, G.W. Farnell, Leaky modes in weakly guiding fiber acoustic waveguides. IEEE Tran. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control UFFC–33(6), 619–627 (1986)
S. Yoo, C.A. Codemard, Y. Jeong, J.K. Sahu, J. Nilsson, Analysis and optimization of acoustic speed profiles with large transverse variations for mitigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. Appl. Opt. 49(8), 1388–1399 (2010)
B.M.A. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, S. Sriratanavaree, N. Kejalakshmy, K.T.V. Grattan, Rigorous analysis of the transverse acoustic modes in optical waveguides by exploiting their structural symmetry. App. Opt. 53(29), 6797–6803 (2014)
N. Kejalakshmy, A. Agrawal, Y. Aden, D.M.H. Leung, B.M.A. Rahman, K.T.V. Grattan, Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method. App. Opt. 49(16), 3173–3181 (2010)
N. Somasiri, B.M.A. Rahman, Polarization crosstalk in high index contrast planar silica waveguides with slanted sidewalls. J. Lightwave Technol. 21(1), 54–60 (2003)
B.M.A. Rahman, S.S.A. Obayya, N. Somasiri, M. Rajarajan, K.T.V. Grattan, H.A. El-Mikathi, Design and characterization of compact single-section passive polarization rotator. J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 512–519 (2001)
M.-J. Li, X. Chen, J. Wang, S. Gray, A. Liu, J.A. Demeritt, A.B. Ruffin, A.M. Crowley, D.T. Walton, L.A. Zenteno, Al/Ge co-doped large mode area fiber with high SBS threshold. Opt. Express 15(13), 8290–8299 (2007)
P.D. Dragic, The acoustic velocity of Ge-doped silica fibers: a comparison of two models. Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. 1(3), 330–337 (2010)
B.M.A. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, Characterization of acousto-optical interaction in planar silica optical waveguide by the finite element method. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(5), 810–818 (2016)
A.-C. Hladky-Hennion, Finite element analysis of the propagation of acoustic waves in waveguides. J. Sound Vibrat. 194(2), 119–136 (1996)
S. Sriratanavaree, B.M.A. Rahman, D.M.H. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K.T.V. Grattan, Full-vectorial finite-element analysis of acoustic modes in silica waveguides. IEEE J. Q. Elect. 50(12), 1006–1013 (2014)
M. Uthman, B.M.A. Rahman, N. Kejalakshmy, A. Agrawal, H. Abana, K.T.V. Grattan, Stabilized large mode area in tapered photonic crystal fiber for stable coupling. IEEE Photonics J. 4(2), 340–349 (2012)
B.J. Eggleton, C.G. Poulton, R. Pant, Inducing and harnessing stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits. Adv. Opt. Phot. 5, 536–587 (2013)
S. Dasgupta, F. Poletti, S. Liu, P. Petropoulos, D.J. Richardson, L. Gr\(\ddot{u}\)ner-Nielsen, S. Herstrom, Modeling Brillouin gain spectrum of solid and microstructured optical fibers using a finite element method. J. Lightwave Tech. 29(1), 22–30 (2011)
K. Ogusu, H. Li, Brillouin-gain coefficients of chalcogenide glasses. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21(7), 1302–1304 (2004)
Y. Koyamada, S. Sato, S. Nakamura, H. Sotobayashi, W. Chujo, Simulating and designing Brillouin gain spectrum in single-mode fibers. J. Lightwave Tech. 22(2), 631–639 (2004)
J.-C. Beugnot, V. Laude, Electrostriction and guidance of acoustic phonons in optical fibers. Phys. Rev. B 86(22) (2012)
P.D. Dragic, J. Ballato, S. Morris, T. Hawkins, Pockels’ coefficients of alumina in aluminosilicate optical fiber. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30(2), 244–250 (2013)
M. Nikles, L. Thevenaz, P.A. Robert, Brillouin gain spectrum characterization in single-mode optical fibers. J. Lightwave Tech. 15(10), 1842–1851 (1997)
J.-C. Beugnot, S. Lebrun, G. Pauliat, H. Maillotte, V. Laude, T. Sylvestre, Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves in a subwavelength-diameter optical fibre. Nat. Comm. 5(5242) (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rahman, B.M.A., Rahman, M.M., Sriratanavaree, S., Kejalakshmy, N., Grattan, K.T.V. (2017). Rigorous Analysis of Acousto-Optic Interactions in Optical Waveguides. In: Agrawal, A., Benson, T., De La Rue, R., Wurtz, G. (eds) Recent Trends in Computational Photonics. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 204. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55438-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55438-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55437-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55438-9
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)