Abstract
Based on an extensive ethnographic study, this chapter explores how Mexican migrant nannies in New York City (NYC) reconcile experiences of childrearing in their home countries with the practices and standards to which they are exposed as care workers for middle- and upper-class families in the United States. Drawing on multi-sited fieldwork conducted in NYC and in migrants’ hometowns in Mexico, it probes the emotional dimensions of the complex relationships between caregivers, their charges, and their own children, both those in the United States and those “left behind.” The chapter also offers insights into the often-conflicted feelings of women who employ nannies to care for their children, of the family members who care for left-behind children, and of children at both ends, all caught up in what Oliveira calls “transnational care constellations.”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Employment visas to the United States are allotted mainly for “skilled” labor.
References
Abrego, Leisy. 2009. “Economic Well-being in Salvadoran Transnational Families: How Gender Affects Remittance Practices.” Journal of Marriage and Family 71: 1070–1085.
Aguilar, Filomeno V., Jr., John Estanley Penalosa, Tanya Belen Liwanag, Resto Cruz and Jimmy Melendrez. 2009. Maalwang Buhay: Family, Overseas Migration and Cultures of Relatedness in Barangay Paraiso. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Bernhard, Judith, Patricia Landolt and Luin Goldring. 2005. “Transnational, Multi-Local Motherhood: Experiences of Separation and Reunification among Latin American Families in Canada.” Early Childhood Education Publications and Research. CERIS Working Paper No. 40. Toronto: Ryerson University.
Boehm, Deborah A. 2011. “Here/Not Here: Contingent Citizenship and Transnational Mexican Children.” In Coe et al., 161–73.
Castles, Stephen. 1999. “International Migration and the Global Agenda: Reflections on the 1998 UN Technical Symposium.” International Migration 37, 1: 5–19.
Cerrutti, Marcela and Douglas S. Massey. 2001. “On the Auspices of Female Migration from Mexico to the United States.” Demography 38: 187–200.
Coe, Cati et al., eds. 2011. Everyday Ruptures: Children, Youth, and Migration in Global Perspective. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
Cohen, Jeffrey H. 2004. The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Dreby, Joanna. 2009a. “Negotiating Work and Family over the Life Course: Mexican Family Dynamics in a Binational Context.” In Across Generations: Immigrant Families in America, edited by Nancy Foner, 190–218. New York: New York University Press.
Dreby, Joanna. 2009b. “Transnational Gossip,” Qualitative Sociology 32: 33–52.
Dreby, Joanna. 2010. Divided by Borders: Mexican Migrants and Their Children. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dreby, Joanna and Leah Schmalzbauer. 2013. “The Relational Contexts of Migration: Mexican Women in New Destination Sites.” Sociological Forum 28:1–26.
Dreby, Joanna and Lindsay Stutz. 2012. “Making Something of the Sacrifice: Gender, Migration and Mexican Children’s Educational Aspirations.” Global Networks 12, 1: 71–90.
Dwyer, James. 2004. “Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility.” Hastings Report 34, 5: 34–41.
Ehrenreich, Barbara and Arlie Hochschild, eds. 2002. Global Women: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Fernández-Kelly, Maria Patricia. 2008. “Gender and Economic Change in the United States and Mexico, 1900–2000.” American Behavioral Scientist 52: 377–404.
Forbes Martin, Susan. 2003. Refugee Women. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Fresnoza-Flot, Asuncion. 2013. “Cultural Capital Acquisition Through Maternal Migration: Educational Experiences of Filipino Left-Behind Children.” In Refugees, Immigrants, and Education in the Global South: Lives in Motion, edited by Lesley Bartlett and Ameena Ghaffar-Kucher, 238–52. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis Routledge Research.
Hamann, Edmund T. and Victor Zúñiga. 2011. “Schooling and the Everyday Ruptures Transnational Children Encounter in the United States and Mexico.” In Coe et al., 141–60.
Heymann, Jody et al. 2009. “The Impact of Migration on the Well-Being of Transnational Families: New Data from Sending Communities in Mexico.” Community, Work & Family 12: 91–103.
Hirsch, Jennifer H. 2003. A Courtship after Marriage: Sexuality and Love in Mexican Transnational Families. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette. 2001. Doméstica: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadows of Affluence. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette, ed. 2003. Gender and U.S. Immigration: Contemporary Trends. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette and Ernestine Avila. 1997. “I’m Here but I’m There: The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood.” Gender & Society 11: 548–560.
Jørgen, Carling, Cecilia Menjívar and Leah Schmalzbauer. 2012. “Central Themes in the Study of Transnational Parenthood.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38, 1: 55–72.
Kandel, William and Grace Kao. 2001. “The Impact of Temporary Labor Migration on Mexican Children’s Educational Aspirations and Performance.” International Migration Review 3: 1205–1231.
Kandel, William and Doreen Massey. 2002. “The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.” Social Forces 80: 981–1004.
Lahaie, Claudia et al. 2009. “Work and Family Divided across Borders: The Impact of Parental Migration on Mexican Children in Transnational Families.” Community, Work & Family 12: 299–312.
Lewis, Oscar. 1959. Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. New York: Basic Books.
Madianou, Mirca and Daniel Miller. 2012. Migration and New Media: Transnational Families and Polymedia. New York: Routledge.
Marcus, George E. 1995. “Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95–117.
Mujeres Unidas y Activas [Day Labor Program, Women’s Collective of La Raza Centro Legal]. 2007. “Behind Closed Doors: Working Conditions of California Household Workers.” San Francisco: Mujeres Unidas y Activas Data Center, March.
Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar. 2001. “Mothering from a Distance: Emotions, Gender and Intergenerational Relations in Filipino Transnational Families.” Feminist Studies 27: 261–290.
Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar. 2005. Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar. 2010. “Transnational Mothering: A Source of Gender Conflicts in the Family.” University of North Carolina Law Review 88: 1825–1856.
Paz, Octavio. 1985. The Labyrinth of Solitude and Other Writings. New York: Grove Press.
Sassen, Saskia. 2002. “Global Cities and Survival Circuits.” In Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 254–74.
Sassen, Saskia. 2010. “Strategic Gendering: One Factor in the Constituting of Novel Political Economies.” In International Handbook of Gender and Poverty: Concepts, Research, Policy, edited by Sylvia Chant. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Schmalzbauer, Leah. 2005. Striving and Surviving: A Daily Analysis of Honduran Transnational Families. New York: Routledge, New Approaches in Sociology, Studies in Social Inequality.
Smith, Robert C. 2005. Mexican New York: Transnational Lives of New Immigrants. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Suárez-Orozco, Carola and Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco. 2001. Children of Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
United Nations. 2013. “Population Facts.” http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/popfacts_2013-1.pdf
Yarris, Kristin E. 2011. “Living with Mother Migration: Grandmothers, Caregiving, and Children in Nicaraguan Transnational Families.” PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Yeates, Nicola. 2005. “Migration and Social Policy in International Context: The Analytical and Policy Uses of a Global Care Chains Perspective.” Paper presented at Arusha (Tanzania) conference on “New Frontiers of Social Policy,” December.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Oliveira, G. (2017). Caring for Your Children: How Mexican Immigrant Mothers Experience Care and the Ideals of Motherhood. In: Michel, S., Peng, I. (eds) Gender, Migration, and the Work of Care. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55086-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55086-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55085-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55086-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)