Skip to main content

Private Vehicle and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Spain: A War Without Winner

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Carbon Footprint and the Industrial Life Cycle

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

  • 1524 Accesses

Abstract

The region of Madrid, which includes the capital and surrounding towns, has increased the number of private vehicles up to almost 4 million cars in 2016, plus about a million trucks, motorcycles and vans. Current situation in Barcelona is similar, with up to 2.5 million cars. Both countries (two of the most urbanized cities in Spain) have begun thinking about taking drastic steps to reduce car exhaust pollution. In fact, in 2016 some actions (insufficient and unpopular) have already been carried out. It can be said that a war against pollution has begun. Will there be winners? And how have they come to this limit situation? This work tries to show the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions in these representative countries, including factors as urbanism and economic crisis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ajuntament de Barcelona. (2015). Plan de mejora de la calidad del aire en Barcelona 2015–2018. Abril 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajuntament de Barcelona. (2016). Abril 2016. http://www.bcn.cat/estadistica/castella/indicadors/index.htm

  • Alternative Data Center. (2017). Natural gas vehicles. http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas.html

  • Álvarez, R., Zubelzu, S., Díaz, G., & López, A. (2015). Analysis of low carbon super credit policy efficiency in European Union greenhouse gas emissions. Energy, 82, 996–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ANFAC, Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Automóviles y Camiones. (2016). Nota de prensa –Estadísticas - Turismos. Junio 2016. http://www.anfac.es/estadisticas.action?accion=estad_turismos

  • Bishop, J. D. K., Molden, N., & Boies, A. M. (2017). Real-world environmental impacts from modern passenger vehicles operating in urban settings. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 1(2), 203–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Consejería de Medio ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. (2004). Mapas Políticos. http://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=ContentDisposition&blobheadervalue1=filename%3DCapitulo+1+mapas+politicos+de+Atlas_Med_Amb4.pdf&blobkey=id&blobTable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1158609635785&ssbinary=true.

    Google Scholar 

  • Consejería de Medio Ambiente. (2016). Administración local y Ordenación de Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid. Marzo: Red de calidad del aire de la Comunidad de Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einforma. (2016a). Directorio de empresas Geográfico. https://www.einforma.com/informes-empresas/BARCELONA/EMPRESAS-BARCELONA.html

  • Einforma. (2016b). Directorio de empresas Geográfico. https://www.einforma.com/informes-empresas/MADRID/EMPRESAS-MADRID-4.html

  • Eurostat Comisión Europea. (2016). Mayo 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Electricity_production_and_supply_statistics

  • Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament deTerritori i Sostenibilitat. (2016). La Qualitat de l’aire a Catalunya, Anuari 2015—Resum. Secció d’Immissions Direcció General de Qualitat Ambiental, Abril 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriksen, P., Vermeulen, R., Rijkeboer, R., Bremmers, D., Smokers, R., & Winkel, R. (2003). Evaluation of the environmental performance of modern passenger cars running on petrol, diesel, automotive LPG and CNG, TNO-report 03.OR.VM.055.1/PHE.

    Google Scholar 

  • INE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2016a). Tasa de paro de la población. doi http://www.ine.es/consul/serie.do?s=EPA136022

  • INE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2016b). Estadística de Transporte de Viajeros (TV). Nota de prensa.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2015). Climate change 2014: Mitigation of climate change (Vol. 3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Herrero, L. M. (2008). Calidad del aire y sostenibilidad urbana. Ambienta: la revista del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 76, 18–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumbreras, J., Valdés, M., Borge, R., & Rodríguez, M. E. (2008). Assessment of vehicle emissions projections in Madrid (Spain) from 2004 to 2012 considering several control strategies. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(4), 646–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R. L., Williams, A., Ireland, J., & Hayes, R. R. (2006). Effects of biodiesel blends on vehicle emissions: Fiscal year 2006 annual operating plan milestone 10.4 (No. NREL/MP-540–40554). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Agricultura y pesca, alimentación y medio ambiente. (2015). Avance de la inscripción de maquinaria agrícola nueva, en los registros provinciales 2015 http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/agricultura/estadisticas/avance_2015.aspx

  • Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. (2015). Emisiones de GEI por Comunidades Autónomas a partir del inventario español—serie 1990–2013. Noviembre 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. (2016). http://www.mambiente.munimadrid.es/sica/scripts/index.php

  • Real Decreto. (102/2011). Boletín Oficial del Estado, Enero 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Real Decreto. (678/2014). Boletín Oficial del Estado, Agosto 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EU) No 566/2011 of 8 June 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regulation (EC) No 459/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council de 29 May 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristovski, Z. D., Jayaratne, E. R., Morawska, L., Ayoko, G. A., & Lim, M. (2005). Particle and carbon dioxide emissions from passenger vehicles operating on unleaded petrol and LPG fuel. Science of the Total Environment, 345(1), 93–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santamarta, J., & Higueras, M. A. (2013). Informe de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en España 1990–2012. Spain: World Wildlife Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvas i León. (2014). La calidad del aire de Barcelona. CONAMA 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subdirección General de Energía y Cambio Climático de Madrid. (2015). Inventario de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero del municipio de Madrid en el año 2013. Ayuntamiento de Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thigpen Energy. (2017). Natural gas fueling. http://www.thigpenenergy.com/natural-gas-fueling/transportation/cng/. Accessed September 10, 2016.

  • Vestreng, V., Ntziachristos, L., Semb, A., Reis, S., Isaksen, I. S., & Tarrasón, L. (2009). Evolution of NOx emissions in Europe with focus on road transport control measures. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(4), 1503–1520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallington, T. J., Sullivan, J. L., & Hurley, M. D. (2008). Emissions of CO2, CO, NOx, HC, PM, HFC-134a, N2O and CH4 from the global light duty vehicle fleet. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 17(2), 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Won, J. H., Park, J. Y., & Lee, T. G. (2007). Mercury emissions from automobiles using gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Atmospheric Environment, 41(35), 7547–7552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesc Clar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clar, F., Álvarez, R. (2017). Private Vehicle and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Spain: A War Without Winner. In: Álvarez Fernández, R., Zubelzu, S., Martínez, R. (eds) Carbon Footprint and the Industrial Life Cycle. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54984-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54984-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54983-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54984-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics