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Menopause and Cardiovascular Risk

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Manual of Gynecardiology

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Abstract

Men are at higher comparative CVD risk than women throughout their lifespan. During menopause transition the traditional CVD risk factors change into a more adverse direction in women with an up-regulation of hormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic nervous system. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and persistent vasomotor symptoms are considered to be modest additive risk factors in women. Hypertension is a key-risk factor and may cause a variety of symptoms in middle-aged women that are often not well recognized. This chapter may be an eye-opener for many clinical cardiologists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Women’s Cardiac Health Program, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Angela H. E. M. Maas M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Linda Joy Pollin Women’s Heart Health Program, Director Preventive Cardiac Center, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    C. Noel Bairey Merz M.D. (Director)

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  1. Angela H. E. M. Maas M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Angela H. E. M. Maas M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Cardiology, Women’s Cardiac Health Program, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Angela H.E.M. Maas

  2. Director Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Linda Joy Pollin Women’s Heart Health Program, Director Preventive Cardiac Center, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, USA

    C. Noel Bairey Merz

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Maas, A.H.E.M., Bairey Merz, C.N. (2017). Menopause and Cardiovascular Risk. In: Maas, A., Bairey Merz, C. (eds) Manual of Gynecardiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54960-6_5

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