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The “Abnormal” State: Identity, Norm/Exception and Japan

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Identity, Trust, and Reconciliation in East Asia

Part of the book series: Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies ((RCS))

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Abstract

Why is Japan so often branded “abnormal,” and where does the desire to “normalize” come from? Drawing on a relational concept of identity, and the distinction between norm and exception, this chapter understands this “abnormality–normalization nexus” in terms of three identity-producing processes: (1) Japan’s socialization in United States/“Western” norms, ultimately constructing it as an Other in the international system; (2) the imagination of Japan as “legitimately exceptional” but also “illegitimately abnormal”—both epitomized by Japan’s “pacifism” and (3) the securitization of Japan’s own “negative abnormality” and China/Asia relations. Although Japan has not remilitarized nearly as much as in the early 2000s, these processes could forebode an exceptional decision to become “normal” and more significant steps towards remilitarization.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a critique see Zehfuss (2001).

  2. 2.

    Although examples of its use include Araki (2005) and Kitaoka (2000).

  3. 3.

    See for example Izumikawa (2010).

  4. 4.

    Quite as predicted by Oe (1995) and Befu (2001).

  5. 5.

    This is a recurring theme in Morris-Suzuki (1998; see also Dale, 1986).

  6. 6.

    For very helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article, the author would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers of the European Journal of International Relations, Stefan Borg, Niklas Bremberg, Alexander Bukh, Amy Catalinac, Johan Eriksson, Karl Gustafsson, Ulv Hanssen, Glenn Hook, Yasu Izumikawa, Bjorn Jerdén, Peter Katzenstein, Akos Kopper, Tom Lundborg, Akitoshi Miyashita, Paul O’Shea, Chengxin Pan, Kai Schulze, Mike Strausz, Shogo Suzuki, Taku Tamaki and Mikael Weissmann. In addition, this research received financial support through fellowships with (a) the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, supported by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and (b) the Japan Foundation, spent at Kyoto University in 2012.

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  1. Political Science, Swedish Defence University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Linus Hagström

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  1. Linus Hagström
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  1. National Centre for Peace & Conflict Stu, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    Kevin P Clements

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Hagström, L. (2018). The “Abnormal” State: Identity, Norm/Exception and Japan. In: Clements, K. (eds) Identity, Trust, and Reconciliation in East Asia. Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54897-5_5

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