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Trade and Industry II: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal

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The Economy of South Asia

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Economic History ((PEHS))

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Abstract

In Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, the initial conditions were somewhat different from those in India. The countries were similar in their reliance on industrialization and faith in state intervention, significantly reinforced during a socialist interlude in the mid-1970s. Given the differences in initial conditions, the contents of policy were varied. After socialism ended, export-oriented industry tended to be textile oriented, whereas in the home market a variety of new combinations of foreign and domestic firms supplied goods and services embodying new technologies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Pakistan, Pakistan Textile Statistics, Karachi: Ministry of Industries, 1990.

  2. 2.

    Q. Aziz, ed., Working Conditions in the Textile Industry in Pakistan, Karachi, 1992; Asian Cotton Textile Outlook 1995–96, Osaka: JTN, 1997.

  3. 3.

    Noor Ahmed Memon, ‘Pakistan Weaving Sector including Denim Holds the Highest Potential for Growth and Investment,’ http://www.ptj.com.pk/Web-2010/06-10/June-2010-PDF/Dr.Noor-Ahmed-Memon.pdf (accessed 6 August 2016).

  4. 4.

    Frank C. Child and Hiromitsu Kaneda, ‘Links to the Green Revolution: A Study of Small-Scale, Agriculturally Related Industry in the Pakistan Punjab,’ Economic Development and Cultural Change, 23(2), 1975, 249–275. See also Naved Hamid, ‘Growth of Small Scale Industry in Pakistan,’ Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 21(1/2), 1983, 37–76.

  5. 5.

    Child and Kaneda, ‘Links to the Green Revolution.'

  6. 6.

    Child and Kaneda, ‘Links to the Green Revolution.’

  7. 7.

    Mushtaq A. Sajid and A.R. Chaudhary, ‘Historical Development of Liberalization since 1947 In Pakistan,’ Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 34(2), 1996, 179–192.

  8. 8.

    Imran Ali and Adeel Malik, ‘The Political Economy of Industrial Development in Pakistan: A Long-Term Perspective,’ The Lahore Journal of Economics, 14(1), 2009, 29–50.

  9. 9.

    Matthew McCartney, ‘The Political Economy of Industrial Policy: A Comparative Study of the Textiles Industry in Pakistan,’ The Lahore Journal of Economics, 19, 2014, 105–134.

  10. 10.

    Momeo Makino, ‘Pakistan: Challenges for Women’s Labour Force Participation,’ in Takahiro Fukunishi and Tatsufumi Yamagata, eds., The Garment Industry in Low Income Countries, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 132–176.

  11. 11.

    Nuimuddin Chowdhury, ‘Growth and Structural Change in Large-Scale Cotton Textile Industry of Bangladesh, 1947–76,’ Bangladesh Development Studies, 5(4), 1977, 393–41.

  12. 12.

    Stephen R. Lewis Jr., Pakistan: Industrialization and Trade Policies, Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 1970; reviewed in Pacific Affairs, 44(3), 1971, 457–458. Reviewing the book, the Oxford scholar Keith Griffin wrote, unkindly, that ‘the illiterate masses in East Bengal evidently have a better understanding of what is going on in their country than the scholarly professor from Williams College.’

  13. 13.

    V. Bhaskar and Mushtaq Khan, ‘Privatization and Employment: A Study of the Jute Industry in Bangladesh,’ American Economic Review, 85(1), 1995, 267–273.

  14. 14.

    Nuimuddin Chowdhury, ‘Bangladesh’s Handloom Economy in Transition: A Case of Unequal Growth, Structural Adjustment and Economic Mobility amid Laissez-Faire Markets: A Synthesis,’ Bangladesh Development Studies, 17(1/2), 1989, 1–22.

  15. 15.

    N. Chowdhury, ‘Intermediate Power-loom Industry in Bangladesh: Interpretive Account and its Economic Characteristics,’ Dhaka: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies Research Report 86, 1989, 3.

  16. 16.

    Yung Whee Rhee, ‘The Catalyst Model of Development: Lessons from Bangladesh’s Success with Garment Exports,’ World Development, 18(2), 1990, 333–46.

  17. 17.

    William Easterly, The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.

  18. 18.

    Khondoker Abdul Mottaleb and Tetsushi Sonobe, ‘An Inquiry into the Rapid Growth of the Garment Industry in Bangladesh,’ Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(1), 2011, 67–89.

  19. 19.

    Salma Chaudhuri Zohir, ‘Social Impact of the Growth of Garment Industry in Bangladesh,’ Bangladesh Development Studies, 27(4), 2001, 41–80.

  20. 20.

    Rumana Jamaly and Ebel Wickramanayake, ‘Women Workers in the Garment Industry in Dhaka, Bangladesh,’ Development in Practice, 6(2), 1996, 156–161.

  21. 21.

    David Lewis, Bangladesh: Politics, Economy, and Civil Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, 15.

  22. 22.

    Pratima Paul-Majumder, ‘Health Impact of Women’s Wage Employment: A Case Study of the Garment Industry of Bangladesh,’ Bangladesh Development Studies, 24(1/2), 1996, 59–102.

  23. 23.

    Prema-chandra Athukorala, ‘Export Response to Liberalisation: The Sri Lankan Experience,’ Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, 39(1), 1998, 49–65.

  24. 24.

    http://www.srilankaexpo.com/index.php/products-a-services/industrial-products/garments (accessed 17 July 2016).

  25. 25.

    Prema-Chandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana, ‘Liberalization and Industrial Transformation: Lessons from the Sri Lankan Experience,’ Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(3), 2000, 543–572.

  26. 26.

    Kishor Sharma, ‘Trade Policymaking in a Land-locked Developing Country: The WTO Review of Nepal,’ World Economy, 2015. 1335–1349.

  27. 27.

    Kishor Sharma, ‘Development Policy, Inequity and Civil war in Nepal,’ Journal of International Development, 18, 553–569.

  28. 28.

    Baburam Bhattarai, The Nature of Underdevelopment and Regional structure of Nepal: A Marxist Analysis, Delhi: Adroit Publishers, 2003, 202.

  29. 29.

    Bhattarai, Nature of Underdevelopment, 248.

  30. 30.

    Kishor Sharma, ‘Impact of Policy Reforms on Manufacturing Growth in Nepal,’ Asian Survey, 37(6), 1997, 550–560.

  31. 31.

    Nepal Rastra Bank data, cited by Kathmandu Post, http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-12-02/lets-review-why-we-failed-to-diversify-trade-finmin.html (accessed 10 September 2016).

  32. 32.

    Nisha Taneja and Sanjib Pohit, ‘India’s Informal Trade with Nepal,’ Economic and Political Weekly, 36(25), 2001, 2263–2269.

  33. 33.

    Nisha Taneja, Muttukrishna Sarvananthan and Sanjib Pohit, ‘India-Sri Lanka Trade: Transacting Environments in Formal and Informal Trading,’ Economic and Political Weekly, 38(29), 2003, 3094–3098.

  34. 34.

    Nisha Taneja, ‘Informal Trade in the SAARC Region: Implications for FTAs,’ Economic and Political Weekly, 39(51), 2004, 5367–5371.

  35. 35.

    Taneja and Pohit, ‘India’s Informal Trade with Nepal.’

  36. 36.

    Ishrat Husain, ‘Prospects and Challenges for Increasing India-Pakistan Trade,’ Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, 2011.

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Roy, T. (2017). Trade and Industry II: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. In: The Economy of South Asia. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54720-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54720-6_9

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