Abstract
Fred was still working with active centers of enzymes and with proteins in general. He liked the visual methods of paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis, and he held a certain disdain for work on columns. Protein sequencing, however, had largely gone to column methods because they were more quantitative.
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- 1.
The Edman procedure is an N-terminal amino acid identification technique that, unlike Fred’s DNFB method, does not require the destruction of the peptide under investigation.
- 2.
Dr. Neil E. Gordon of Johns Hopkins University initiated Gordon Research Conferences to allow scientists with a common interest to share current activity in their area. The 4–5 day meetings had talks in the mornings and evenings with afternoons open for discussion and recreation. A retreat setting lessened distractions [2].
- 3.
RNA contains A, G, C, and U. DNA contains A, G, C, and T.
- 4.
tRNAS were first called S-RNAs because they were soluble in water.
- 5.
Bart Barrell earned a Cambridge Ph.D. based on his years of working with Fred. He never earned an undergraduate degree.
- 6.
Robert Holley, Gobind Khorana, and Marshall Nirenberg shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis” [9].
- 7.
The various rRNAs are designated by their ultracentrifugation sedimentation coefficients. E. coli rRNAs are 5S, 16S, and 23S, with larger numbers corresponding to larger size.
- 8.
Horace Freeland Judson was a historian of molecular biology and the author of The Eighth Day of Creation, a history of molecular biology.
- 9.
Persplex, Plexiglas, and Lucite are trade names for poly(methyl methacrylate). It provides a barrier against the β-emitting 32P.
- 10.
32P has a half-life of 14 days.
References
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Jeffers, J.S. (2017). RNA Period 1962–1971 . In: Frederick Sanger. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54709-1_5
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