Skip to main content

The What of Systemic Thinking

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Systemic Decision Making

Part of the book series: Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ((TSRQ,volume 33))

  • 1859 Accesses

Abstract

The main focus of the what question of systemic thinking is on the articulation and organization of the objectives of the problem that we are trying to gain increased understanding of. Given that a mess is a system of problems as we described it in Chap. 2, we take the occasion in this chapter to dissect a given problem into its basic elements in order to gain further insight regarding its parent mess. This chapter builds on the stakeholder analysis undertaken in the previous chapter. The chapter begins by discussing the anatomy of a problem. Then, the importance of objectives is discussed. Next, we address objective articulation. We then distinguish between fundamental and means objectives and discuss how to organize them to increase our understanding. Finally, a framework for addressing the what question is presented and this framework is demonstrated on the real estate problem introduced in Chap. 6.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, K. M. (2011). Systems principles: Foundation for the SoSE methodology. International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, 2(2/3), 120–155. doi:10.1504/IJSSE.2011.040550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherns, A. (1976). The principles of sociotechnical design. Human Relations, 29(8), 783–792. doi:10.1177/001872677602900806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherns, A. (1987). The principles of sociotechnical design revisited. Human Relations, 40(3), 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clemen, R. T., & Reilly, T. (2014). Making hard decisions with decision tools (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doran, G. T. (1981). There’s a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management’s goals and objectives. Management Review, 70(11), 35–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, J. S., Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (2002). Smart choices: A practical guide to making better life decisions. New York: Broadway Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, R. L. (1992). Value-focused thinking: A path to creative decision making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. G. (1976). Decisions with multiple objectives: Preferences and value tradeoffs. New York: Wiley & Sons.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • MacCrimmon, K. R. (1969). Improving the system design and evaluation process by the use of trade-off information: An application to northest corridor transportation planning (RM-5877-DOT), CA. Retrieved 1969, from Santa Monica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capability for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattee, H. H. (1973). Hierarchy theory: The challenge of complex systems. New York: George Braziller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1974). How big is a chunk? Science, 183(4124), 482–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick T. Hester .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hester, P.T., Adams, K.M. (2017). The What of Systemic Thinking. In: Systemic Decision Making. Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54672-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54672-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54671-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54672-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics