Abstract
Like Italy, Brazil also does not have comprehensive rules on transnational criminal justice. Although the drafters of the 1941 code enacted a few rules on international cooperation with foreign authorities, these rules only concerned two legal assistance instruments, that is, letters rogatory and the homologation of foreign judgments. By contrast, no provision governed extradition, even though it is certainly the oldest form of judicial assistance in Brazil. Significantly, the Constitution in force at the time of the code’s enactment—namely, the 1934 Constitution—had already conferred to the Federal Supreme Tribunal jurisdiction in extradition procedures. This situation has remained largely unchanged since then and there are still no codified rules on extradition. The enactment in 1980 of a comprehensive Law on the legal status of aliens (Estatuto do Estrangeiro) certainly contributed to this result, introducing specific provisions on extradition procedures.
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- 1.
Law 6.815/1980.
- 2.
Art. 4(IX) Const.
- 3.
Art. 4 Const.
- 4.
Art. 5(LII) Const.
- 5.
Art. 5(LI) Const.
- 6.
Art. 102(I)(g) Const.
- 7.
Art. 105(I)(i) Const.
- 8.
Art. 109(III) Const.
- 9.
For an overview of the international both bilateral and multilateral instruments signed by Brazil Abade (2013), p. 227ff.
- 10.
Abade (2013), p. 233.
- 11.
The Protocol was promulgated by the Decree 3.468/2000.
- 12.
Both the Convention and its Protocol were promulgated by the Decree 6.340/2008.
- 13.
Ibid., 233f.
- 14.
For an overlook of these clauses see Abade (2013), p. 236f.
- 15.
Art. 5 ExT Brazil-Italy.
- 16.
Art. 8 ExT Brazil-Italy.
- 17.
Art. 4(c) ExT Brazil-France.
- 18.
Art. 367 CCP (original version).
- 19.
Art. 368 CCP.
- 20.
Lopes Jr (2017), p. 543.
- 21.
Art. 368 CCP.
- 22.
Abade (2013), p. 237f.
- 23.
Art. 7 ExT Brazil-Spain.
- 24.
Art. 4(c) ExT Brazil-France.
- 25.
Art. 5(c) ExT Brazil-Italy.
- 26.
Art. 5 ExT Brazil-Portugal.
- 27.
Law 12.878/2013.
- 28.
Art. 82 Law 6.815/1980.
- 29.
Art. 84 Law 6.815/1980.
- 30.
Art. 82(3) Law 6.815/1980.
- 31.
Art. 85 Law 6.815/1980.
- 32.
Abade (2013), p. 253f.
- 33.
Ibid., 254.
- 34.
Fraga (1985), p. 341f.
- 35.
STF, Ext. 1.098, rel. Cezar Peluso.
- 36.
According to Abade (2013), p. 256f., this confirms the indirect relevance of fundamental rights in the extradition procedure.
- 37.
Art. 85(1) Law 6.815/1980.
- 38.
Abade (2013), p. 257.
- 39.
Art. 265 Código Bustamante.
- 40.
Abade (2013), p. 258.
- 41.
STF, Ext. 541.
- 42.
Abade (2013), p. 262.
- 43.
STF, Ext. 669.
- 44.
Abade (2013), p. 289ff.
- 45.
Opinion rendered by Min. Francisco Rezek in STF, Ext. 426.
- 46.
STF, Ext. 663.
- 47.
Abade (2013), p. 299ff.
- 48.
Ibid., 306.
- 49.
Ibid., 310f.
- 50.
Ibid., 323.
- 51.
In this sense see Article 6 Resolution 9/2005 of the Superior Court of Justice.
- 52.
Similarly Abade (2013), p. 319.
- 53.
STF, Carta Rog. 10920.
- 54.
STF, HC 83.588.
- 55.
STJ Special Court, AgRg 2484.
- 56.
Abade (2013), p. 320f.
- 57.
Ibid., 328ff.
- 58.
Ibid., 329f.
- 59.
Thus, Article 222-A CCP only relates to the paragraphs nos. 1 and 2 of the previous Article 222 CCP.
- 60.
Art. 222(3) CCP.
- 61.
In this sense see Article 8(1) TLA Brazil-Italy.
- 62.
Art. 1(3) ALA Brazil-Colombia.
- 63.
Art. 13(3) ALA Brazil-Colombia.
- 64.
Abade (2013), p. 341ff.
- 65.
STF, RE 554.410-ED.
- 66.
Abade (2013), p. 342f.
- 67.
Art. 8 Resolution 9/2005.
- 68.
Abade (2013), p. 343.
- 69.
Cervini (2000), p. 76f.
- 70.
STF, HC 90.485/SP. See Abade (2013), p. 344.
- 71.
Abade (2013), p. 343ff.
- 72.
STF, Carta Rog. 8.443.
- 73.
Abade (2013), p. 345.
- 74.
STF, HC 87.759/DF.
References
Abade D (2013) Direitos fundamentais na cooperação juridical internacional. Saraiva, São Paulo
Cervini R (2000) Princípios de cooperação judicial penal internacional consagrados no Projeto de Protocolo de Assistência Jurídica Mútua em assuntos penais do Mercosul. In: Cervini R, Tavares J (eds) Princípios de Cooperação Judicial Penal Internacional no Protocolo do Mercosul. Revista dos Tribunais, São Paulo, pp 25–162
Fraga M (1985) O Novo Estatuto do Estrangeiro Comentado. Forense, Rio de Janeiro
Lopes A Jr (2017) Direito Processual Penal, 14th edn. Saraiva, São Paulo
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Ruggeri, S. (2017). Participatory Safeguards in Transnational Criminal Justice Under Brazilian Law. In: Audi Alteram Partem in Criminal Proceedings. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54573-8_5
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