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Human Virology in Latin America pp 119–138Cite as

Hepatitis A and E in South America: New Challenges Toward Prevention and Control

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Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are enterically transmitted, and both can cause waterborne and foodborne outbreaks. HEV is also able to naturally infect several animal species, including swine, wild boars, and deer. Clinical features of both HAV and HEV infections range from asymptomatic to acute hepatitis, and even to acute liver failure. Recently, studies have shown that HEV can cause a persistent infection that may progress to chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in immunosuppressed patients. Socioeconomic development and improvement in hygiene and sanitation of human and swine populations are essential to prevent HAV and HEV infections. Hepatitis A vaccines have been commercially available since 1992, and a recombinant HEV vaccine has been licensed in China since 2011.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Marcelo Alves Pinto & Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira

  2. Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia INEI – ANLIS Dr Carlos G. Malbran, Instituto de Virologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge González

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  1. Marcelo Alves Pinto
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  2. Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
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  3. Jorge González
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Correspondence to Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira .

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  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Center for Research and Advances Studies, Mexico City, Mexico

    Juan Ernesto Ludert

  2. Centro de Microbiologia y Biologia Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela

    Flor H. Pujol

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Juan Arbiza

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Pinto, M.A., de Oliveira, J.M., González, J. (2017). Hepatitis A and E in South America: New Challenges Toward Prevention and Control. In: Ludert, J., Pujol, F., Arbiza, J. (eds) Human Virology in Latin America. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54567-7_7

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