Abstract
This paper presents a novel classification framework derived from AdaBoost to classify facial expressions. The proposed framework adopts rotation-reversal invariant HOG as features. The Framework is implemented through configuring the Area under ROC curve (AUC) of the weak classifier with HOG, which is a discriminative classification framework. The proposed classification framework is evaluated with two very popular and representative public databases: MMI and AFEW. As a result, it outperforms the state-of-the-arts methods.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 1, pp. 886–893 (2005)
Takacs, G., Chandrasekhar, V., Tsai, S., Chen, D., Grzeszczuk, R., Girod, B.: Fast computation of rotation-invariant image features by an approximate radial gradient transform. IEEE Trans. Image Proc. (TIP) 22, 2970–2982 (2013)
Viola, P., Jones, M.: Robust real-time face detection. Int. J. Comput. Vis. (IJCV) 57, 137–154 (2004)
Ferri, C., Flach, P.A., Hernández-Orallo, J.: Learning decision trees using the area under the ROC curve. In: Proceedings of International Conference Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 139–146 (2002)
Valstar, M.F., Pantic, M.: Induced disgust, happiness and surprise: an addition to the MMI facial expression database. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Workshop on Emotion, pp. 65–70 (2010)
Pantic, M., Valstar, M.F., Rademaker, R., Maat, L.: Web-based database for facial expression analysis. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 317–321 (2005)
Dhall, A., Goecke, R., Lucey, S., Gedeon, T.: Collecting large, richly annotated facial-expression databases from movies. IEEE MultiMedia 19, 34–41 (2012)
Thurau, C., Hlavac, V.: Pose primitive based human action recognition in videos or still images. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1–8 (2008)
Fan, R.E., Chang, K.W., Hsieh, C.J., Wang, X.R., Lin, C.J.: LIBLINEAR: a library for large linear classification. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 1871–1874 (2008)
Li, J., Wang, T., Zhang, Y.: Face detection using SURF cascade. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops, pp. 2183–2190 (2011)
Long, P., Servedio, R.: Boosting the area under the ROC Curve. In: Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 945–952 (2007)
Li, S.Z., Zhang, Z., Shum, H.Y., Zhang, H.: FloatBoost learning for classification. In: Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 993–1000 (2002)
Li, J., Zhang, Y.: Learning SURF cascade for fast and accurate object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3468–3475 (2013)
Xiao, R., Zhu, H., Sun, H., Tang, X.: Dynamic cascades for face detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 1–8 (2007)
Bourdev, L., Brandt, J.: Robust object detection via soft cascade. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 2, pp. 236–243 (2005)
Sochman, J., Matas, J.: WaldBoost - learning for time constrained sequential detection. In: Proceedings of Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 2, pp. 150–156 (2005)
Brubaker, S., Wu, J., Sun, J., Mullin, M., Rehg, J.: On the design of cascades of boosted ensembles for face detection. Int. J. Comput. Vis. (IJCV) 77, 65–86 (2008)
Lucey, P., Cohn, J.F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J., Ambadar, Z., Matthews, I.: The extended Cohn-Kanade dataset (CK+): a complete dataset for action unit and emotion-specified expression. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, pp. 94–101 (2010)
Liu, M., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Learning expressionlets on spatio-temporal manifold for dynamic facial expression recognition. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1749–1756 (2014)
Chen, J., Ariki, Y., Takiguchi, T.: Robust facial expressions recognition using 3d average face and ameliorated adaboost. In: Proceedings of ACM Multimedia Conference (MM), pp. 661–664 (2013)
Wang, L., Qiao, Y., Tang, X.: Motionlets: mid-level 3d parts for human motion recognition. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 2674–2681 (2013)
Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Dynamic texture recognition using local binary patterns with an application to facial expressions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 29, 915–928 (2007)
Klaeser, A., Marszalek, M., Schmid, C.: A spatio-temporal descriptor based on 3d-gradients. In: Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), pp. 99.1–99.10 (2008)
Scovanner, P., Ali, S., Shah, M.: A 3-dimensional sift descriptor and its application to action recognition. In: Proceedings of ACM Multimedia Conference (MM), pp. 357–360 (2007)
Rudovic, O., Pavlovic, V., Pantic, M.: Multi-output Laplacian dynamic ordinal regression for facial expression recognition and intensity estimation. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 2634–2641 (2012)
Liu, M., Li, S., Shan, S., Wang, R., Chen, X.: Deeply learning deformable facial action parts model for dynamic expression analysis. In: Cremers, D., Reid, I., Saito, H., Yang, M.-H. (eds.) ACCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 9006, pp. 143–157. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16817-3_10
Trzcinski, T., Christoudias, M., Lepetit, V.: Learning image descriptors with boosting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 37, 597–610 (2015)
Chen, D., Ren, S., Wei, Y., Cao, X., Sun, J.: Joint cascade face detection and alignment. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8694, pp. 109–122. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10599-4_8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chen, J., Luo, Z., Takiguchi, T., Ariki, Y. (2017). Expression Recognition with Ri-HOG Cascade. In: Chen, CS., Lu, J., Ma, KK. (eds) Computer Vision – ACCV 2016 Workshops. ACCV 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10118. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54526-4_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54526-4_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54525-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54526-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)