Advertisement

Constitutive Modelling of Lamb Aorta

  • Ryley A. Macrae
  • Jane Pillow
  • Karol Miller
  • Barry J. DoyleEmail author
Conference paper
First Online:
  • 581 Downloads

Abstract

Vascular inflammation is an established marker of cardiovascular pathogenesis, particularly atherosclerosis, but its role on arterial tissue biomechanics is not well understood. Its impact on the biomechanics of the aorta can yield valuable data for elucidating its role in disease formation, as well as leading to the development of valuable predictive models for surgery and new treatments. Changes in arterial biomechanics can lead to arterial remodelling and dysfunction, and so its quantification can provide insight into the nature of inflammatory processes. To gain further insight into these processes we investigated the biomechanical behaviour of lamb aortas from inflamed and control groups through the development of a constitutive model. The development of reliable constitutive models of the artery is necessary in order to fully understand the mechanical component of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and vascular remodelling.

We used a foetal sheep model of systemic inflammation induced by prenatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment (n = 6) to investigate the effects of short-term inflammation on the passive biomechanical response of the aorta. We subjected samples cut from aortas (LPS, n = 6; control, n = 4) to uniaxial tension testing until failure, measuring vessel dimensions and force–displacement curves.

Upon calibration of a first order Ogden model to fit the data, a difference was found in the μ parameter (4.43 × 10−4 ± 3.67 × 10−4 control, 7.77 × 10−4 ± 6.96 × 10−4 LPS-treated) and no difference was noted in the α parameter (12.96 ± 2.145 control, 12.65 ± 3.378 LPS-treated), although neither finding was statistically significant (p > 0.4, p > 0.8, respectively). Our preliminary ex-vivo data suggests that intra-amniotic LPS-induced systemic inflammation does not significantly change the stiffness or strength of the aorta. With further work, we hope our study can help fully elucidate the role of inflammation on aorta biomechanics.

Keywords

Strain Energy Function Constitutive Parameter Stretch Ratio Ogden Model Average Stretch 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Bhatt DL, Topol EJ (2002) Need to test the arterial inflammation hypothesis. Circulation 106(1):136–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Rohde LE, Hennekens CH, Ridker PM (1999) Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men. Am J Cardiol 84(9):1018–1022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Libby P (2002) Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420(6917):868–874CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Ross R (1999) Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 340(2):115–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Rasmussen TE, Hallett JW Jr, Schulte S, Harmsen WS, O'Fallon WM, Weyand CM (2001) Genetic similarity in inflammatory and degenerative abdominal aortic aneurysms: a study of human leukocyte antigen class II disease risk genes. J Vasc Surg 34(1):84–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Mosorin M, Juvonen J, Biancari F, Satta J, Surcel HM, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Juvonen T (2001) Use of doxycycline to decrease the growth rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Vasc Surg 34(4):606–610CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Pyo R, Lee JK, Shipley JM, Curci JA, Mao D, Ziporin SJ, Ennis TL, Shapiro SD, Senior RM, Thompson RW (2000) Targeted gene disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) suppresses development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Clin Invest 105(11):1641–1649CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Richards JM, Semple SI, MacGillivray TJ, Gray C, Langrish JP, Williams M, Dweck M, Wallace W, McKillop G, Chalmers RT, Garden OJ, Newby DE (2011) Abdominal aortic aneurysm growth predicted by uptake of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide: a pilot study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4(3):274–281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Aznaouridis KA, Stefanadis CI (2007) Inflammation and arterial function. Artery Research 1(1):32–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Jain S, Khera R, Corrales-Medina VF, Townsend RR, Chirinos JA (2014) Inflammation and arterial stiffness in humans. Atherosclerosis 237(2):381–390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Mäki-Petäjä KM, Wilkinson IB (2012) Inflammation and large arteries: potential mechanisms for inflammation-induced arterial stiffness. Artery Res 6(2):59–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Park S, Lakatta EG (2012) Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness. Yonsei Med J 53(2):258–261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Abdulkadir AA, Kimimasa T, Bell MJ, MacPherson TA, Keller BB, Yanowitz TD (2010) Placental inflammation and fetal hemodynamics in a rat model of chorioamnionitis. Pediatr Res 68(6):513–518CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Galinsky R, Hooper SB, Wallace MJ, Westover AJ, Black MJ, Moss TJ, Polglase GR (2013) Intrauterine inflammation alters cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamics at birth in preterm lambs. J Physiol 591(8):2127–2137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Kallapur SG, Bachurski CJ, Cras TDL, Joshi SN, Ikegami M, Jobe AH (2004) Vascular changes after intra-amniotic endotoxin in preterm lamb lungs. Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys 287(6):L1178–L1185Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Gill AW, Allison BJ, Crossley KJ, Moss TJ, Nitsos I, Pillow JJ, Kluckow M (2010) Intrauterine inflammation causes pulmonary hypertension and cardiovascular sequelae in preterm lambs. J Appl Physiol 108(6):1757–1765CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Romero R, Espinoza J, Goncalves LF, Gomez R, Medina L, Silva M, Chaiworapongsa T, Yoon BH, Ghezzi F, Lee W, Treadwell M, Berry SM, Maymon E, Mazor M, DeVore G (2004) Fetal cardiac dysfunction in preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 16(3):146–157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Seehase M, Gantert M, Ladenburger A, Garnier Y, Kunzmann S, Thomas W, Wirbelauer J, Speer CP, Kramer BW (2011) Myocardial response in preterm fetal sheep exposed to systemic endotoxinaemia. Pediatr Res 70(3):242–246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Velten M, Hutchinson KR, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Lucchesi PA, Rogers LK (2011) Systemic maternal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia induces remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction in mice. PLoS One 6(9):e24544CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Yanowitz TD, Jordan JA, Gilmour CH, Towbin R, Bowen A, Roberts JM, Brozanski BS (2002) Hemodynamic disturbances in premature infants born after chorioamnionitis: association with cord blood cytokine concentrations. Pediatr Res 51(3):310–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Holzapfel G, Gasser T, Ogden R (2000) A new constitutive framework for arterial wall mechanics and a comparative study of material models. J Elast Phys Sci Solids 61(1–3):1–48MathSciNetzbMATHGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Gasser TC, Schulze-Bauer CA, Holzapfel GA (2002) A three-dimensional finite element model for arterial clamping. J Biomech Eng 124(4):355–363CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Rounioja S, Räsänen J, Glumoff V, Ojaniemi M, Mäkikallio K, Hallman M (2003) Intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide leads to fetal cardiac dysfunction. A mouse model for fetal inflammatory response. Cardiovasc Res 60(1):156–164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Tare M, Bensley JG, Moss TJ, Lingwood BE, Kim MY, Barton SK, Kluckow M, Gill AW, De Matteo R, Harding R, Black MJ, Parkington HC, Polglase GR (2014) Exposure to intrauterine inflammation leads to impaired function and altered structure in the preterm heart of fetal sheep. Clin Sci (Lond) 127(9):559–569CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Macrae RA, Miller K, Doyle BJ (2016) Methods in mechanical testing of arterial tissue: a review. Strain 52(5):380–399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Humphrey JD (2002) Cardiovascular solid mechanics: cells, tissues and organs. Springer-Verlag, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Cox RH (1983) Comparison of arterial wall mechanics using ring and cylindrical segments. Am J Phys 244(2):H298–H303Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Stoiber M, Messner B, Grasl C, Gschlad V, Bergmeister H, Bernhard D, Schima H (2015) A method for mechanical characterization of small blood vessels and vascular grafts. Exp Mech 55(8):1591–1595CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Shazly T, Rachev A, Lessner S, Argraves W, Ferdous J, Zhou B, Moreira A, Sutton M (2015) On the uniaxial ring test of tissue engineered constructs. Exp Mech 55(1):41–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Fung YC (1993) Biomechanics: mechanical properties of living tissues. Springer-Verlag, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Ogden RW (1972) Large deformation isotropic elasticity-on the correlation of theory and experiment for incompressible rubberlike solids. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 326(1567):565–584CrossRefzbMATHGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Booth AD, Wallace S, McEniery CM, Yasmin J, Brown D, Jayne R, Wilkinson IB (2004) Inflammation and arterial stiffness in systemic vasculitis: a model of vascular inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 50(2):581–588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Wallace SML, Mäki-Petäjä KM, Cheriyan J, Davidson EH, Cherry L, McEniery CM, Sattar N, Wilkinson IB, Kharbanda RK (2010) Simvastatin prevents inflammation-induced aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 70(6):799–806CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Greenwald SE (2007) Ageing of the conduit arteries. J Pathol 211(2):157–172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Morriss L, Wittek A, Miller K (2008) Compression testing of very soft biological tissues using semi-confined configuration—a word of caution. J Biomech 41(1):235–238CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ryley A. Macrae
    • 1
    • 2
  • Jane Pillow
    • 3
    • 4
  • Karol Miller
    • 2
    • 5
  • Barry J. Doyle
    • 1
    • 6
    • 7
    Email author
  1. 1.Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchPerthAustralia
  2. 2.Intelligent Systems for Medicine Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Chemical EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
  3. 3.School of Human SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
  4. 4.Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
  5. 5.Institute of Mechanics and Advanced MaterialsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
  6. 6.British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
  7. 7.School of Mechanical and Chemical EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia

Personalised recommendations

Cite paper

Buy options