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Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia pp 189–212Cite as

Disaster Education and School Safety Governance after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia: From National Policy to Local Implementation

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Part of the book series: Disaster Risk Reduction ((DRR))

Abstract

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami incentivized policy change in Indonesian disaster risk reduction, including disaster education and school safety governance. However, much research focuses on the results of pilot projects and rarely addresses policy change comprehensively from national to local levels, and across sectors. As such, little progress has been made in designing policy that ensures all-schools implementation.

This chapter aims to review the progress of disaster education and school safety governance from the national and local levels. We focus on the elementary school level due to its importance in educating a new generation that may not have experienced disasters. Since disaster education and school safety is not an exclusive domain of disaster management policy, the state of policy convergence and coherence is assessed using discourse network analysis and content analysis. At the local policy level, the chapter describes a case from Banda Aceh city. It shows that although the city received various programs, implementation of disaster education and school safety is not attainable for all elementary schools, particularly due to the absence of city-wide policy.

Accordingly, this chapter identifies the necessary policy instrument to ensure city-wide implementation of disaster education and school safety. The findings show that the best solution is to have a ministerial-level regulation in the education sector, combined with a local regulation (Perda) or mayor/regent regulation, which can ensure the use of a public budget. Availability of a policy directives or action plans at school level could be useful in obtaining the money and technical capacity needed for all-schools implementation. This in turn, will ensure coherence and connectivity between various policies from local government, disaster management and education to close the gap between national policy and local implementation of disaster education and school safety governance in Indonesia.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In Indonesian legal documents, the legal basis of a certain law, regulation and policy can be traced back by looking at the term menimbang (considering), mengingat (in reference to higher law/policies or acknowledgement), etc.

  2. 2.

    The reason for regrouping was confirmed in interview with a high-level officer of the Education Agency-Banda Aceh city, October 2014.

  3. 3.

    Number of schools is based on author’s calculation from various sources: (1) DRR -A list of participated schools in Banda Aceh city, (2) Susanti et al. (2014) who reported that all SSB programs that involving TDMRC until 2012 were able to reach 28 schools in Banda Aceh city, and (3) News reported in http://bongkarnews.com/v1/view.php?newsid=3941, This programs include those implemented by Indonesian Science Institute (LIPI ), UNESCO, Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) of Syiah Kuala University, Education agency of Aceh Province, BPBA of Aceh Province, BPBD of Banda Aceh City and their partners.

  4. 4.

    Interview with a high-level officer of Banda Aceh City Education Agency, October 2014. Confirmed in multiple interviews with headmasters.

  5. 5.

    Interview with a high-level officer of Aceh province BPBA, October 2014.

  6. 6.

    Interview with a high-level officer of Banda Aceh city education agency, October 2014.

  7. 7.

    Mayor Regulation 3/2012 on Islamic Teaching and Norm Education.

  8. 8.

    Interview with a high-level officer of Banda Aceh city education agency, October 2014.

  9. 9.

    Interview with a headmaster of an elementary school in Banda Aceh city, female, March 2015.

  10. 10.

    Mayor Regulation 3/2012 on Islamic Teaching and Norm Education, Mayor Regulation 4/2014 on Supplementary Education Fund in Banda Aceh . Accessible via: http://jdih.bandaacehkota.go.id/index.php/produk-hukum

  11. 11.

    Interview with high-level officer of Banda Aceh city education agency, male, March 2014. Confirmed in Authors visit to all 47 samples of elementary schools, that they received equipment and training for their health unit.

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Acknowledgments 

The authors wish to acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan for scholarship and research funding. This study is funded by the 2014 Project Grant from International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, and the MEXT KAKENHI Grant (No. 26510008).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies (GSICS), Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

    Mizan Bustanul Fuady Bisri

  2. International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Aiko Sakurai

Authors
  1. Mizan Bustanul Fuady Bisri
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  2. Aiko Sakurai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mizan Bustanul Fuady Bisri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany

    Riyanti Djalante

  2. United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany

    Matthias Garschagen

  3. Stockholm Environment Institute, Bangkok, Thailand

    Frank Thomalla

  4. Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan

    Rajib Shaw

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Bisri, M.B.F., Sakurai, A. (2017). Disaster Education and School Safety Governance after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia: From National Policy to Local Implementation. In: Djalante, R., Garschagen, M., Thomalla, F., Shaw, R. (eds) Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_7

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