Abstract
With rising energy demand and an increase in global population, facilitating a sustainable energy transition in cities is of interest to many. The focus of this chapter is to illustrate and analyse the role that transport can play in facilitating and enabling change. In order to do so, this chapter is compromised of the following four parts: (1) an illustrative description of the transport challenge, which includes describing the impacts that transport has on society and the environment, (2) the drivers and the thinking behind transport’s high-carbon use, (3) an alternative framing to the transport debate will be introduced alongside ‘next’ practices for the future, and (4) the points made in the previous three parts will be further illustrated through the use of relevant international case studies. Case studies include Bogota, Colombia, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and Montreal, Canada, from a supply-side and demand-side perspective. A discussion with implications for the future is provided alongside a conclusion.
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- 1.
The rationale behind basing parts 2 and 3 on this resource is because it provides a clear and succinct overview of the scope outlined. The alternative option was to base these parts on various resources (with different underlying assumptions, drivers, and scopes)—which can be quite burdensome/unhelpful to the reader. Therefore, the limitations of this are acknowledged, and relevant resources are cited where appropriate to overcome any gaps.
- 2.
For more information on the value of travel time, the reader is referred to the work of Ettema and Verschuren (2007).
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
The implementation and use of these tools are best illustrated through the use of examples and are the focus of this chapter in the final part of this paper (Part IV).
- 6.
As Penalosa highlights: ‘A majority of upper- and upper-middle-class citizens in developing cities pull out of their garages in the morning and may go for weeks without walking a block on a city street. They consider the absolute priority for government to be the construction of more and bigger roads. Which is why even in some very poor African cities where most of the population does not even have access to clean water, it is still possible to find highways. Car infrastructure absorbs most of the budget. There is a conflict for funds between the needs of the automobile and the needs of the poor for such imperatives as schools, parks, housing or public transport. And there is a conflict for space between cars, pedestrians, cyclists and buses’ (2011, pp. 92–93).
- 7.
‘Three quarters (75%) of daily trips in the city are less than ten kilometers’ (Cevero 2005, p. 27).
- 8.
More information on Penalosa’s vision can be found here (Penalosa 2015).
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
Put another way, as Fishman et al. note, those ‘who lived close to docking stations used the system more than members living further away’ (2015, p. 136).
- 12.
The challenge lies not only in the options that are available to use—but rather the way in which they are used (Banister et al. 2013). In order to address this challenge, relevant policies can be executed in an integrated fashion, such as a package (May and Roberts 1995; Givoni et al. 2013; Tønnesen 2015). Tønnesen defines a policy package as a ‘structure [that is] used to combine different policy measures and address multiple objectives’ (2015, p. 89).
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The author would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. He would also like to thank his family and friends for their support.
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Al-Chalabi, M. (2017). On the Move—or Moving On? Reimagining the Future of Travel. In: Bishop, J. (eds) Building Sustainable Cities of the Future. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54458-8_4
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