Abstract
In U.S. Soil Taxonomy, anthropogenic soils are classified into two basic categories depending on type of soil parent material: (1) human-altered material (HAM), and (2) human-transported material (HTM). Generally speaking, a surface layer of HTM or HAM ≥50 cm thick must be present in order for a pedon to be classified using the anthropogenic soil profile.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexandrovskaya EI, Alexandrovskiy AL (2000) History of the cultural layer in Moscow and accumulation of anthropogenic substances in it. Catena 41:249–259
Bryant RB, Galbraith JM (2003) Incorporating anthropogenic processes into soil classification. In: Eswaran H, Rice T, Ahrens R, Stewart BA (eds) Soil classification—a global desk reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 57–66
Buol SW, Southard RJ, Graham RC, McDaniel PA (2011) Soil genesis and classification. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK 543 pp
Burghardt W (1994) Soils in urban and industrial environments. Z Pflanz Bodenk 157:205–214
Capra GF, Ganga A, Grilli E, Vacca S, Buondonno A (2015) A review on anthropogenic soils from a worldwide perspective. J Soils Sediments 15:1602–1618
Charnzynski P, Bednarek R, Greinert A, Hulisz P, Uzarowicz L (2013) Classification of technogenic soils according to World Reference Base in the light of Polish experiences. Soil Sci Annu 64:145–150
Dazzi C, Papa GL, Palermo V (2009) Proposal for a new diagnostic horizon for WRB anthrosols. Geoderma 151:16–21
Eswaran H, Rice T, Ahrens R, Stewart BA (2003) Soil classification—a global desk reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 263 pp
Fanning DS, Fanning MCB (1989) Soil morphology, genesis, and classification. Wiley, New York 395 pp
Gong A, Zhang G (2007) Chinese soil taxonomy: a milestone of soil classification in China. Sci Found China 15:41–45
Gong ZT, Zhang GL, Chen ZC (2003) Development of soil classification in China. In: Eswaran H, Rice T, Ahrens R, Stewart BA (eds) Soil classification—a global desk reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 101–125
Gray JM, Humphreys GS, Deckers JA (2011) Distribution patterns of World Reference Base soil groups relative to soil forming factors. Geoderma 160:373–383
Isbell R (2016) The Australian soil classification, 2nd edn. CSIRO Publishing, 152 pp
IUSS Working Group (2006) World Reference Base for soil resources 2006: World Soil Resources Report 103. Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations, Rome, Italy 145 p
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World Reference Base for soil resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome
Krasilnikov P, Arnold RW, Ibanez JJ (2010) Soil classifications: their origin, the state-of-the-art and perspectives. World Congress of Soil Science, Solutions for a changing world. Brisbane Australia, 19–22
Lebedeva II, Gerasimova MI (2012) Diagnostic horizons in the Russian soil classification system. Eurasian Soil Sci 45:823–833
Lehmann A, Stahr K (2007) Nature and significance of anthropogenic urban soils. J Soils Sediments 7:247–260
Meuser H, Blume HP (2001) Characteristics and classification of anthropogenic soils in the Osnabruck area, Germany. J Plant Nut Soil Sci 164:351–358
Prokofyeva TA, Martynenko IA, Ivannikov FA (2011) Classification of Moscow soils and parent materials and its possible inclusion in the classification system of Russian soils. Eurasian Soil Sci 44:561–571
Puskas I, Farsang A (2009) Diagnostic indicators for characterizing urban soils of Szeged, Hungary. Geoderma 148:267–281
Rossiter DG (2007) Classification of urban and industrial soils in the World Reference Base for soil resources. J Soils Sediments 7:96–100
Sarmast M, Farpoor MH, Boroujeni IE (2016) Comparing Soil Taxonomy (2014) and updated WRB (2015) for describing calcareous and gypsiferous soils, central Iran. Catena 145:83–91
Shi XZ, Yu DS, Warner ED, Sun WX, Petersen GW, Gong ZT, Lin H (2006) Cross-reference system for translating between genetic soil classification of China and Soil Taxonomy. Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:78–83
Simonson RW (1962) Soil classification in the United States. Science 137:1027–1034
Soil Survey Staff (1975) Soil taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. USDA-SCS Agric. Handbook 436, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Soil Survey Staff (2011) Buried soils and their effect on taxonomic classification. Soil Survey Technical Note no. 10, USDA, NRCS, 7 pp
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 372 pp
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Howard, J. (2017). Classification of Anthropogenic Soils. In: Anthropogenic Soils. Progress in Soil Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54331-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54331-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54330-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54331-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)