Abstract
This brief chapter focusses on the role of the physician as a provider of emotional and spiritual support at the deathbed. Nineteenth-century works on “euthanasia medica” considered this an important aspect of terminal care. This conviction heightened frictions between physicians and priests at the deathbed, however. Providing solace and spiritual support had long been considered the domain of the clergy. Now, some medical authors criticized the priests for their lack of humanity instead, claiming that the priests, in their zeal to save the patients’ souls, sometimes massively increased their suffering, by threatening the dying with damnation or constantly shouting into their ears, to keep them conscious and less prone to fall prey to the Devil’s temptations.
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- 1.
Zacchia, Quaestiones (1651), pp. 392–3.
- 2.
- 3.
Richter, Euthanasia (1841), p. 366.
- 4.
Heinzelmann, De euthanasia medica (1845), p. 22.
- 5.
Encyclopédie méthodique. Médecine, vol. NOY-PHT, Paris: Panckoucke 1824, pp. 283–4; on the then very influential notion of Médecine morale see Elizabeth A.Williams, The physical and the moral. Anthropology, physiology, and philosophical medicine in France, 1750–1850, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press 1994.
- 6.
Anonymus, Vom Verhalten (1806), col. 538 and col. 541.
- 7.
Lebrecht, Arzt (1821), pp. 102–7, (“Verhalten des Arztes zum Sterbenden”).
- 8.
Struve, Kunst (1799), part 2, p. 248.
- 9.
Stöhr, Handbuch (1882), p. 246.
- 10.
Ibid.; Reil, Entwurf (1816), p. 577.
- 11.
- 12.
Gregory, Lectures (1772), p. 36.
- 13.
- 14.
Keith Norman Macdonald, On death, and how to divest it of its terrors, Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart 1875, p. 8.
- 15.
Schaffrath, Euthanasie (1869), p. 22; Schaffrath had this story from his father.
- 16.
- 17.
Schaffrath, Euthanasie (1869), p. 23.
- 18.
Richter, Euthanasia (1841), p. 365.
- 19.
Selected Bibliography
Anonymus. 1806. Vom Verhalten der Ärzte gegen unheilbare Kranke und Sterbende. In Allgemeine medizinische Annalen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, cols. 537–546.
Collner, Joh. 1799. Eric: Specimen academicum de cura moribundorum. Praes. Joh. H. Engelhart. Lund: Litteris Berlingianis.
Frank, Johann Peter. 1788. System einer vollständigen medicinischen Polizey, vol. 4: Von Sicherheits-Anstalten, so weit sie das Gesundheitswesen angehen. Mannheim: Schwan und Götz.
Gossweiler, Joseph C. 1838. Erinnerungen an die Sorge für einen ruhigen und leichten Tod (Euthanasie) (lecture abstract). Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Natur- und Heilkunde 3: 35–36.
Gregory, John. 1772. Lectures on the duties and qualifications of a physician. London: Strahan and Cadell.
Heinzelmann, Richard. 1845. De euthanasia medica. Diss. med. Berlin: Schäde.
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Lebrecht, Leo. 1821. Der Arzt im Verhältnisse zur Natur, zur Menschheit und zur Kunst. Mainz: Kupferberg.
Puchelt, Friedrich August Benjamin. 1826. Umriss der allgemeinen Gesundheits-Krankheits- und Heilungslehre. Part 1. Heidelberg: Mohr.
Reil, Johann Christian. 1816. Entwurf einer Allgemeinen Therapie. Halle: Curt.
Richter, H.E. 1841. Euthanasia. In Encyklopädie der gesammten Medicin, ed. Carl Christian Schmidt, vol. 2, 363–367. Leipzig: Wigand.
Schaffrath, Heinrich Daniel. 1869. Die Euthanasie. Diss. med. Bonn: J. F. Carthaus.
Stöhr, August. 1882. Handbuch der Pastoralmedicin mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Hygieine. 2nd ed. Herder: Freiburg im Breisgau.
Struve, Christian August. 1799−1801. Die Kunst, das schwache Leben zu erhalten und in unheilbaren Krankheiten zu fristen. Three parts. Hannover: Gebrüder Hahn.
Zacchia, Paolo. 1651. Quaestiones medico-legales. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: J. Blaeu.
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Stolberg, M. (2017). The Doctor as an Emotional and Spiritual Caregiver. In: A History of Palliative Care, 1500-1970. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 123. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54178-5_7
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