Skip to main content

Gamma-Hedging of Warrants: Evidence from Frankfurt Stock Exchange

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management

Part of the book series: Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics ((EBES,volume 7))

  • 724 Accesses

Abstract

Gamma-hedging is a useful strategy to reduce risk of a portfolio consisting of financial derivatives and shares. This paper investigates portfolios consisting of European type warrants and shares of world-known companies. Currently traded assets on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange are used to compose portfolios. In theory, gamma-neutral portfolios should be immune even to significant changes of underlying assets’ price but real markets may not support this fact. We find trading strategy similar to protective collar. Since our strategy is intended for decreasing price of an underlying asset, we test the hypothesis that alternative collar strategy is profitable for decreasing shares and losing for increasing shares. We test it on three kinds of shares—decreasing BMW, increasing Adidas and stagnating Telekom. Our results are that gamma-hedging in our scenario has positive impact on decreasing portfolio’s risk, our trading strategy brings profit and it is verified on real financial markets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 637–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, P. P., & Vorst, T. (1992). Option replication in discrete time with transaction costs. The Journal of Finance, 47(1), 271–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, W., & Yuan, X. (2011). Call warrants in China’s securities market: Pricing biases and investors’ confusion. New Mathematics and Natural Computation, 7(2), 333–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gobet, E., & Makhlouf, A. (2012). The tracking error rate of the Delta-gamma hedging strategy. Mathematical Finance, 22(2), 277–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hull, J. (2012). Options, futures, and other derivatives (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, G., & Zhang, C. (2011). Why are derivative warrants more expensive than options? An empirical study. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 46(1), 275–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mina, J., & Ulmer, A. (1999). Delta-gamma four ways. RMG Journal, 1, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nandi, S., & Waggoner, D. F. (2000). Issues in hedging options positions. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 85(1), 24–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raju, S. (2012). Delta gamma hedging and the black – Scholes partial differential equation (PDE). Journal of Economics and Finance Education, 11(2), 51–62.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Support of Masaryk University within the project MUNI/A/0916/2015 “Behavioral and knowledge aspects of trading and pricing financial assets” is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hana Florianova .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Florianova, H. (2017). Gamma-Hedging of Warrants: Evidence from Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In: Bilgin, M., Danis, H., Demir, E., Can, U. (eds) Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management. Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54112-9_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics