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Macrophages’ Role in Tissue Disease and Regeneration

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Macrophages

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 62))

Abstract

Inflammation is an essential component of the normal mammalian host tissue response and plays an important role during cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. Given the important role of inflammation on the host tissue response after injury, understanding this process represents essential aspects of biomedical research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Macrophages are central players during the inflammatory response with an extensive role during wound healing. These cells exhibit a spectrum of activation states that span from pro-inflammatory to pro-healing phenotypes. The phenotype of the macrophages can have profound influences on the progression of disease or injury. As such, understanding and subsequent modulation of macrophage phenotype represents an exciting target area for regenerative medicine therapies. In this chapter, we describe the role of macrophages in specific cases of injury and disease. After myocardial infarction, a biphasic response of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages are involved in the remodeling process. In volumetric muscle loss, there is an intricate communication between inflammatory cells and progenitor cells affecting repair processes. Osteoarthritis is characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory macrophages over an extended period of time with significant impact on the progression of the disease. By harnessing the complex role of macrophages, enhanced therapeutic treatments can be developed that enhance the normal healing response as well as help the survival of therapeutic cells delivered to the site of injury.

Lewis Gaffney, Paul Warren and Emily A. Wrona are equally contributors.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 4130 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

      Lewis Gaffney, Paul Warren, Emily A. Wrona, Matthew B. Fisher & Donald O. Freytes

    2. University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

      Lewis Gaffney, Paul Warren, Emily A. Wrona, Matthew B. Fisher & Donald O. Freytes

    3. Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

      Matthew B. Fisher & Donald O. Freytes

    4. Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

      Matthew B. Fisher

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    1. Lewis Gaffney
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    2. Paul Warren
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    3. Emily A. Wrona
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    5. Donald O. Freytes
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    Correspondence to Matthew B. Fisher or Donald O. Freytes .

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    1. Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

      Malgorzata Kloc

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    Gaffney, L., Warren, P., Wrona, E.A., Fisher, M.B., Freytes, D.O. (2017). Macrophages’ Role in Tissue Disease and Regeneration. In: Kloc, M. (eds) Macrophages. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 62. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_10

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