Abstract
This chapter analyses what we currently know about mine legacies, industry policy and government regulation designed to diminish negative legacies and the ways in which malpractice reveals either a lack of appropriate regulation or state capacity to enforce it.
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Notes
- 1.
According to ASGMI, mining environmental liabilities include facilities, buildings, areas affected by discharges, deposits of mining waste, disturbed channels, workshops, machinery areas, ore deposits in currently abandoned or paralyzed mines that constitute a permanent potential risk to the health and safety of the population, biodiversity and the environment (ASGMI 2010: 2).
- 2.
OCMAL’s database includes descriptions of the main environmental liabilities per mining site. See http://www.conflictosmineros.net/?Itemid=44. OCMAL’s other work of interest is its maps on cyanide use and mining conflict. See http://www.conflictosmineros.net/images/stories/MAPA-CIANURO-AL.jpg and http://mapa.conflictosmineros.net/ocmal_db/.
- 3.
This includes the IFC’s Policy and Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability (originally published in 2006 but revised in 2012), the Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Mining (2007) and the WB’s Towards Sustainable Decommissioning and Closure of Oil Fields and Mines: A toolkit to Assist Government Agencies, Version 3 (2010) and the Guidance Notes for the Implementation of Financial Surety for Mine Closure (2008).
- 4.
This is also significant in terms of compliance. It is reasonably to assume that CGC and its managing personnel, despite being familiar with the US Federal legal requirements for closure (along with those from Wisconsin/Nevada, where CGC is registered), proceeded to submit to the less stringent Salvadorean mining legal requirements in order to save money.
- 5.
References
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Pacheco Cueva, V. (2017). Knowledge About Mine Legacies, International Best Practice Standards and Mine Closure Regulation in the USA and El Salvador. In: An Assessment of Mine Legacies and How to Prevent Them. SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53976-8_2
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