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Autophagy in Liver Homeostasis

  • Chapter
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Cellular Injury in Liver Diseases

Part of the book series: Cell Death in Biology and Diseases ((CELLDEATH))

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Abstract

Autophagy is an intracellular lysosome-mediated cellular degradation process. Dysfunction of autophagy in liver has been recently shown to directly impact liver physiology and cause different liver diseases, suggesting its important role in maintaining liver homeostasis. Autophagy regulates liver function by bulk or selective degradation and by recycling of different cellular nutrients to maintain energy homeostasis. It also regulates the number, quality, and dynamics of different subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Moreover, autophagy alters the level of metabolic enzymes and signaling molecules, hence having an overall impact on cell metabolism and signaling pathway. Autophagy also seems to play a vital role in maintaining genomic integrity. Mechanistic details on the diverse roles of autophagy are being revealed. Going forward, these studies will provide new insights on how autophagy functions could be modulated in pathophysiological conditions of liver diseases.

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Abbreviations

AFLD:

Alcoholic fatty liver disease

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

ASH:

Alcoholic steatohepatitis

ATF4:

Activating transcription factor 4

ATG:

Autophagy-related

ATZ:

Alpha-1-antitrypsin Z

AUP1:

Ancient ubiquitous protein 1

BA:

Bile acid

BAR:

Bile acid-activated nuclear receptor

CARM1:

Coactivator-associated arginine methyl transferase

CBZ:

Carbamazepine

CMA:

Chaperonin-Mediated Autophagy

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

DDR:

DNA damage response

DFCP1:

Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein1

DR1:

Direct repeat 1

Dyn2:

Dynamin 2

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERAD:

ER-associated degradation

ERQC:

Endoplasmic reticulum quality control

FA:

Fatty acid

FGF21:

Fibroblast growth factor 21

FIP200:

FAK Family Kinase-Interacting Protein of 200 kDa

FOXO3a:

Fork head box O 3a

HIF2α:

Hypoxia inducible factor 2α

HSL:

Hormone-sensitive lipase

IR:

Ionizing radiation

KFERQ:

Lysine-phenylalanine-Glutamic acid-Arginine-Glutamine

LAMP-2A:

Lysosome-associated membrane protein type-2A

LD:

Lipid droplet

MDB:

Mallory–Denk bodies

MGL:

Monoacylglycerol lipase

mTORC1:

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

NBR1:

Neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1

NDP52:

Nuclear domain 10 protein 52 kDa

NPC1L1:

Niemann-Pick-Type C1-Like1

OPTN:

Optineurin

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PLIN:

Perilipin

PMP:

Peroxisome membrane proteins

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SKP2:

S-phase kinase-associated protein 2

TFEB:

Transcription factor EB

TSC2:

Tuberous sclerosis 2

Ube2g2:

E2 ubiquitin conjugases

ULK1:

Unc-51 Like Autophagy-Activating Kinase 1

UVRAG:

UV Radiation Resistance-Associated Gene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Bilon Khambu, Nazmul Huda, Jun Zhou, Shengmin Yan & Xiao-Ming Yin

  2. Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China

    Jun Zhou

Authors
  1. Bilon Khambu
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  2. Nazmul Huda
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  3. Jun Zhou
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  4. Shengmin Yan
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  5. Xiao-Ming Yin
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Correspondence to Xiao-Ming Yin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

    Wen-Xing Ding

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Xiao-Ming Yin

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Khambu, B., Huda, N., Zhou, J., Yan, S., Yin, XM. (2017). Autophagy in Liver Homeostasis. In: Ding, WX., Yin, XM. (eds) Cellular Injury in Liver Diseases. Cell Death in Biology and Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53774-0_9

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